配施有机肥对新复垦土壤氮素及烟叶氮含量的影响

　　摘要：為了改善遵义地区复垦土壤肥力低、通透性差等状况，探究适宜烤烟种植的有机肥和氮肥比例和用量，通过大田试验研究氮肥与有机肥配施对新复垦土壤氮素及烟叶氮含量的影响。研究结果表明，施氮量促进土壤全氮含量增加效果不显著，碱解氮含量随施氮量增加而增加。配施有机肥对复垦土壤肥力有改善作用，在0～10 kg/667m2施氮水平内配施有机肥的处理中，土壤全氮、碱解氮含量无显著影响。高施氮量20 kg/667m2水平上配施300 kg/667m2有机肥对复垦土壤肥力改善效果最显著，显著增加了成熟期全氮含量，较纯施氮肥20 kg/667m2显著提高了25.0%;也显著增加旺长期和成熟期碱解氮含量，较纯施氮肥分别显著提高了23.6%和16.6%。在所有处理中，不施肥或不施氮肥不能满足烤烟对氮素的需求，高施氮量配施有机肥虽然能显著提高土壤全氮及碱解氮含量，但会降低肥料利用率，且不利于烤烟品质提高，而5 kg/667m2施氮量配施200 kg/667m2有机肥有利于烤烟充分吸收氮素，符合烤烟吸氮规律，成熟期烟叶含氮量最适宜。综合分析得出，在5 kg/667m2施氮量基础上配施200 kg/667m2有机肥最利于提高新复垦土壤上烤烟生长，对氮素利用效果最佳。
　　关键词：烤烟;有机肥;新复垦土壤;烟叶氮含量
　　Effects of Application of Organic Fertilizers on Soil Nitrogen and Nitrogen Content of Tobacco Leaves in New Reclaimed Soil
　　LU Guang ming1，2，GOU Jian yu2，ZHANG Yuan shu2，XIE Zhi yong1，2，LIU Chang1，2，PENG Yu long2，HUANG Ying1，2*
　　（1. College of Agriculture， Guizhou University，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China;2.GuizhouProvincial Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China;3.Guizhou Tobacco Companies Zunyi County Branch， Zunyi，Guizhou 520300，China）
　　Abstract：In order to improve low soil fertility and poor permeability of reclaimed soil in Zunyi region， the proportion and amount of suitable organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting were investigated. The field experiment was undertaken to study the effects of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure on soil nitrogen and nitrogen content of tobacco leaves in newly reclaimed soil. The results showed that the effect of nitrogen application on the increase of total nitrogen content in soil was not significant， the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate andthe nitrogen content in tobacco leaves are positively correlated with the application rate. Combined with organic manure， application of nitrogen fertilizer could improve the soil fertility of reclaimed soil. In the combined application of organic manure with 0～10 kg/667m2 level of nitrogen fertilizer， there was nosignificant effect on soil total nitrogen content; and there was a trend of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content increased with the increase of organic manure but the increase was not obvious.The combined application of 300 kg/667m2 organic manurewith 20 kg/667m2 level of high nitrogen fertilizer had the most significant effect on the improvement of soil fertility in the reclaimed soil. It significantly increased the total nitrogen content in the maturity stage， which was 25.0% higher than that of the pure nitrogen fertilizer application at 20 kg/667m2 level. It also significantly increased the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the growing period by 23.6% and the mature period by16.6%， respectively， compared with pure nitrogen fertilizer application.In all experiments， the nitrogen demand of tobacco plants cannot be fulfilled if no fertilizer or nitrogen were applied. Although high nitrogen application combined with organic manurecould significantly increase the soil total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen， this will reduce the utilization rate of fertilizer and not conducive to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The combined application of 5 kg/667m2 level of nitrogen fertilizer with 200 kg/667m2 of organic manure is beneficial to the full absorption of nitrogen by tobacco plants， which is consistent with the uptake of flue-cured tobacco. At this combined application， nitrogen content of tobacco leaves is at the most appropriate level at maturity.The comprehensive analysis concludes that the application of 200 kg/667m2 of organic manurewith 5 kg/667m2 level of the nitrogen fertilizer is the most beneficialcombination to improve the growth of flue-cured tobacco in the newly reclaimed soil and has the best effect on nitrogen utilization.

相关热词搜索：氮素 烟叶 土壤 含量 有机肥