东北烟区低焦油烟叶关键栽培技术研究

　　摘 要：東北烟区作为我国最大的填充型低焦油烟叶产区，研究其低焦油烟叶关键生产技术具有重要意义。在辽宁、吉林通过施氮量、施钾量、留叶数和株距4因素二次回归正交组合试验，研究其对烤烟焦油释放量及内在理化指标的影响。在施氮量、施钾量、留叶数和株距4个处理的单因素效应中，对焦油释放量的影响均表现为株距>留叶数>施氮量≈施钾量，焦油释放量稳定最低较理想的处理组合为（1）辽宁宽甸点：施氮量4.50 kg/667m2、施钾量20.08 kg/667m2、留叶15片，株距0.40 m。（2）吉林汪清点：施氮量3.99 kg/667m2、施钾量18.10 kg/667m2、留叶20片，株距0.33 m。与当前生产对照比较，较理想的处理组合为施氮量均降低0.5 kg/667m2，钾氮比均上调0.5，留叶均增加2片，株距减少0.15 m左右。在辽宁宽甸点，施氮量对总植物碱的影响最大，施钾量和留叶数对K2O的影响最大。在吉林汪清点，株距对叶宽的影响最大。东北低焦油烟叶生产应以群体质量控制为主，其次是养分运筹调控。辽宁低碱高钾、吉林较低的叶宽可作为东北低焦油烟叶的理化特征参考指标，建议在东北烟区进一步对优选组合技术验证后推广，并深入研究低焦油烟叶形成的生理机制。
　　关键词：烤烟；焦油释放量；关键栽培技术；化学特征指标
　　中图分类号：S572.062 文章编号：1007-5119（2017）02-0025-08 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.02.005
　　The Key Cultivation Techniques of Low Tar Content Flue-cured Tobacco in Northeast China
　　CHEN Aiguo1， HUANG He2， CUI Yuanhao3， PIAO Zhehao3， HUANG Cheng2，
　　SONG Bangpeng2， LIU Guangliang1， XU Na1， LIANG Hongbo1*
　　（1. Tobacco Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing， Ministry of Agriculture， Qingdao 266101， China； 2. Dandong Branch of Liaoning Tobacco Company， Dandong， Liaoning 118000， China； 3. Yanbian Branch of Jilin Tobacco Company， Yanji， Jilin 133000， China）
　　Abstract： Low tar content tobacco production is one of the important directions in the development of flue-cured tobacco. It is of significance to research the appropriate key cultivation techniques of low tar content tobacco in Northeast China， which is the biggest planting areas of filling type low tar content tobacco in China. In this study the influences of nitrogen application， potassium application， remained leaf number and spacing in the rows on tar content and intrinsic physical and chemical indexes were investigated with quadratic orthogonal regression design in Liaoning and Jilin provinces. The results showed that the effects of the four factors on tar content were in the order of spacing in the rows> remained leaf number> nitrogen application≈ potassium application. The optimal treatments for low tar were nitrogen application， potassium application， remained leaf number and spacing in the rows being 4.50， 20.08 kg/667m2， 15 leaves and 0.40 m in Liaoning， and 3.99， 18.10 kg/667m2， 20 leaves and 0.33 m in Jilin respectively. Comparing with current production control， the better treatment combinations were that nitrogen application was decreased by 0.5 kg/667m2， potassium and nitrogen ratio was up 0.5， remained leaf number was increased by 2， and spacing in the rows was reduced about 0.15 m. Furthermore， the main effect on total alkaloid content and K2O content were from nitrogen application and potassium application respectively in Liaoning， and the average leaf width was impacted mainly by the spacing in the rows. In Northeast China， low tar tobacco production should be based on population quality control， and the second was the regulation of nutrient management. In addition， the lower total alkaloid content and the higher potassium content in Liaoning and the smaller leaf width in Jilin could be used as the reference index for low tar content tobacco. It is suggested that the combinatorial techniques should be further validated and then to be utilized in Northeast China. The physiological mechanism of low tar content tobacco formation should be also further studied.

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