攀西地区烟草节水灌溉技术及应用效果

发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 短文摘抄 点击:


  摘要:为寻求适宜四川省攀西地区烟草节水灌溉的技术与推广模式,在冕宁县开展烟草节水灌溉试验,分析对其烟株农艺性状、烟叶化学品质和经济性状及节水效益的影响。结果表明,在烟草植株农艺性状方面,滴灌模式优于软管浇灌及交替沟灌模式;烟叶化学品质方面,节水灌溉可有效增加烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,降低烟叶烟碱含量,有效提升烟叶钾含量及钾氯比,滴灌模式表现最优;经济性状及节水效益方面,滴灌模式对烟叶的增产、增值效果最明显,比对照平均增产38.64%,上等烟比例提升20.9个百分点;在烟叶产值和节水效益上,滴灌与浇灌模式的效果较明显。滴灌和软管浇灌模式对于烟草品质、产量和水分利用效率的提升作用较明显,其中滴灌模式具有较好的应用及推广价值,软管浇灌模式更适合在经济条件较差的干旱缺水地区推广使用。
  关键词:攀西地区;烟草;节水灌溉技术;应用效果
  中图分类号: S275;S572 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)03-0587-03
  DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.03.019
  Water-saving Irrigation Technology of Tobacco and Its Application
  in Panzhihua-Xichang Region
  FAN Yi,WANG Jun-qin,BAI Jie
  (Sichuan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, Chengdu 610072, China)
  Abstract: In order to study the suitable water-saving irrigation technology in Panzhihua-Xichang region, the effects of water-saving irrigation of tobacco in Mianning County on the agronomy character,chemical quality and economic characters of tobacco and water-saving benefits were analyzed. The results showed that drip irrigation was better than hose irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation on agronomic traits of tobacco plant. In terms of chemical quality of tobacco, increasing irrigation effectively increased the total sugar and reduced sugar content, alkaloid. Drip irrigation effectively improved the potassium content and ratio of potassium to chlorine. In terms of economic traits and water-saving benefits,the drip irrigation was the most with 38.64% increase of yield and 20.9% increase of the proportion of superior leaves. In the tobacco production and water-saving effects, drip irrigation and hose irrigation effects were obvious. Drip irrigation and hose irrigation had more effect on tobacco quality, yield and water use efficiency. Particularly drip irrigation had a good application and popularization. Hose irrigation mode was more suitable for poor economic conditions in arid regions.
  Key words: Panzhihua-Xichang region;tobacco;water-saving irrigation technology;application effect
  攀西地区位于四川省西南部,拥有丰富的光、热资源,独特的气候条件有利于烟草植株干物质的合成与积累,是清香型烟叶的生产区,也是国家优质烟叶的重要生产基地。该地区地处川西高原及西部滇、川干热河谷地带,水资源时空分布不均,区域性、季节性缺水十分明显,特别是对于烟草苗期、伸根期和中前期生长需水要求影响极大。由于缺乏有效的水资源供给量,丰富的光、热资源得不到充分利用,水资源缺乏已成为制约当地烟叶生产和农业经济发展的瓶颈。
  目前,攀西地区烟草灌溉无论是方法和技术都比较落后,灌溉方法主要为传统的沟灌和浇灌[1]。这不仅浪费水资源,增加了成本,而且降低了资源利用率,灌溉质量较差,也与烟叶生长发育和优质稳产的要求不相符,不利于烟叶产质潜力的发挥[2]。同时,各烟区受自然和经济条件的限制,是否采用节水技术以及采用哪种节水技术也需要因地制宜,量力而行[3]。因此,积极发展烟田节水灌溉,寻找最适宜的推广模式是实现该地区烟叶优质、稳产、高效的重要条件。有关该地区的此项研究鲜见报道,本试验于2013年在凉山州冕宁县烟区进行了交替沟灌、软管浇灌和滴灌3种灌溉技术模式的试验示范研究,取得了较好的节水、增产和增效的效果,为节水灌溉的应用提供参考。

相关热词搜索:烟草 节水灌溉 效果 地区 技术

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