套种大蒜对烟田土壤微生物群落及烟叶品质的影响

　　摘 要：为探明烟田套种大蒜后土壤微生物群落变化，特别是烟田土壤中烟草根茎病菌的数量及对烟叶内在品质影响，在龙岩烟区开展了套种大蒜对烟田土壤微生物及烟叶品质影响试验。结果表明，烟田套种大蒜能明显减少烟田土壤中细菌、真菌数量，特别是减少烟草青枯菌和黑胫病菌数量，而增加烟田放线菌数量。套种大蒜对烟叶内在化学成分及烟叶评吸质量无明显负面影响。在烟草根茎病严重的局部烟田可通过套种大蒜控制该类病害的发生与危害，从而减少化学农药的使用，提高烟叶安全性，减少环境污染。
　　关键词：烟草；大蒜；土壤微生物；烟叶品质
　　中图分类号：S572.06 文章编号：1007-5119（2015）04-0075-05 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.04.013
　　Effects of Garlic Intercropping on Soil Microbial Communities and Tobacco Leaf Quality
　　LAI Rongquan1，2，3
　　（1. College of Plant Protection， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou 350002， China； 2. Tobacco Production Technology Center， Longyan City Corporation of Fujian Province Tobacco Corporation， Longyan， Fujian 364000， China； 3. Longyan Substation of Fujian Science and Research Institute of Tobacco Farming， Longyan， Fujian 364000， China）
　　Abstract： In order to study the effects of garlic intercropping on soil microbial communities， including pathogens of tobacco root and stem diseases and tobacco quality， field trials were conducted in Longyan of Fujian in China. The results showed that the numbers of bacteria and fungi decreased in garlic intercropping fields. In particular， the numbers of tobacco pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum E.F.Smith and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae were also reduced （betweeen 24.46×104 and 27.67×104 cfu/g or betweeen 29.76×103 and 63.52×103 cfu/g， respectively） in the soil of tobacco fields intercropping with garlic. The number of actinomycete， on ther other hand， was promoted by intercropping with garlic in fields. The quality of tobacco leaves was not affected negatively. The results suggest that the tobacco pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae are inhibited by garlic intercropping. Therefore， we may take advantage of garlic intercropping to control the diseases of tobacco root and stem. With less usage of chemical pesticides， this approach could enhance the safety of tobacco leaves and protect environment.
　　Keywords： tobacco； garlic； soil microbe； tobacco leaf quality
　　烟草青枯病（Ralstonia solanacearum）和烟草黑胫病（Phytophthora nicotianae）是我国南方烟区，特别是福建烟区主要的根茎病害，每年造成的烟叶损失甚为严重[1-6]。这两种病害初侵染源主要在烟田土壤中生存和繁殖，条件适宜时，烟草青枯病菌主要从烟株基部伤口侵入，通过维管束传播并对烟株产生危害，造成烟株吸收水分、营养障碍，使烟株表现出枯萎症状，严重时整株枯死[1]。虽然防治效果方面有很多研究[6]，但关于病原数量变动与病害发生，特别是烟叶内在质量系统研究分析的较少。而大蒜（Allium sativum L.），特别是大蒜分泌物对多种病原真菌、细菌均有明显的抑制作用[7-8]。在蕃茄、辣椒、西瓜、黄瓜等作物上能减少或抑制病害的发生[9-11]。因此，本项目
　　基金项目：中国烟草总公司福建省公司项目“套种大蒜对烟草病虫害的控制作用及其化感作用研究”（2009009）

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