微生物肥对烟叶生长及产质量的影响

发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 短文摘抄 点击:

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  摘要 [目的]为了验证微生物肥在烟草上的作用。[方法]采用田间试验的方法,研究烟草专用复合微生物肥对烟株生长发育、烟叶产质量等方面的影响。[结果] 与对照相比,施用烟草专用复合微生物肥1 200和1 800 kg/hm2处理均可促进烟株移栽后50 d前的生长,经济性状增加。烟草专用复合微生物肥处理可以增加烟叶的总糖、还原糖、烟碱、糖碱比,降低烟叶的总氮、氮碱比,糖碱比、氮碱比更趋协调。施1 200 kg/hm2烟草专用复合微生物肥处理中部烟叶有香气量增加、杂气和刺激性减轻的趋势;施1 800 kg/hm2烟草专用复合微生物肥处理上部烟叶有杂气和刺激性减轻、余味变舒适的趋势。[结论] 在广东南雄烟区沙泥田施用定型烟草专用复合微生物肥有促进生长、提高产量和改善烟叶内在质量的趋势。
  关键词 微生物肥;烟叶生长;产质量
  中图分类号 S144 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)33-192-03
  Effects of Microfertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves
  FU Xianzhong1, YE Xiaoqing2, CHEN Yufeng2
  (1.Nanxiong Science Institute of Guangdong Tobacco, Nanxiong, Guangdong 512400; 2. Shenzhen Tobacco Industry Co., LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000)
  Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to verify the effects of microfertilizer on the tobacco. [Method] With the field trial, the effects of tobacco compound microfertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of the tobacco leaves were studied. [Result] Compared with the control, 1 200 kg/hm2 and 1 800 kg/hm2 tobacco compound microfertilizer could promote the growth before 50 days of tobacco transplantation and increase the economic traits. The treatments could increase the tobacco total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine and ratio of sugar and alkali, decrease the total nitrogen and ratio of nitrogen and alkali, and ratio of sugar and alkali and ratio of nitrogen and alkali became more coordinate. 1 200 kg/hm2 tobacco compound microfertilizer had the trend of the increase of aroma amount and the decrease of offensive odor and irritation in the middle section. 1 800 kg/hm2 tobacco compound microfertilizer had the trend of the decrease of offensive odor and irritation and remaining taste were becoming comfortable. [Conclusion] In sandymuddy field of Nanxiong tobacco area, Guangdong Province, the tobacco compound microfertilizer can promote the growth, increase the yield and improve the inherent quality of tobacco leaves.
  Key words Microfertilizer; Growth of tobacco leaves; Yield and quality
  生态条件中的土壤因素对烟叶香气质、香气量有重要影响。如何充分利用土壤资源中土壤母质(磷、钾、钙、镁等元素)来提高烟叶品质,便是重要的研究领域[1]。近年来,有益微生物(肥料、菌)在烟草上的应用研究日益增多。烟田施用复合(混合)微生物肥料,利用固氮、解磷、解钾菌的生命活动,增加土壤有效养分,提高烟草营养,可以充分利用土壤资源,提高烟叶品质。在广东南雄烟区,以烟农常用的有机肥为对照,笔者开展了烟草专用复合微生物肥不同施用量试验,研究其对烟株生长发育、烟叶产质量等方面的影响,为烟叶生产推广烟草专用复合微生物肥提供参考依据。
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 试验材料
  2014年,试验安排在深圳烟草工业有限公司广东省南雄市湖口基地单元科技示范园。供试土壤类型为沙泥田,pH 5.63,有机质2.449%,全氮0.137%,全磷0.046%,全钾0.965%,水解氮132 mg/kg,速效磷25.6 mg/kg,速效钾49.5 mg/kg。供试烤烟品种为粤烟98,由广东省烟草南雄科学研究所提供。烟草专用复合微生物肥由定型生产厂家提供,有机质>30%,N、P2O5、K2O总养分>6%;烟草专用复合肥、硝酸钾肥、硫酸钾采用烟草公司定配肥料;猪粪、饼肥烟农自己购买。

相关热词搜索:烟叶 微生物 生长 质量 影响

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