汉译英短文

汉译英短文篇一：汉译英短文练习

Passage 4

中国是一个疆域辽阔、人口众多的多民族的统一国家。它立国的地理环境对中国文化的形成发展起到了至关重要的作用。

Multi-nationalmulti-ethnic, multi-racial united unified unitary unification underlying//underpinning the founding of the country

Ethnic group nationality ethnic minority

China is a multi-ethnic unified//unitary country with a vast territory and a large population, of which geographic surrounding//environment has played a crucial role in the formation and development of Chinese//its culture.affiliated attached high school

中国位于东亚大陆，处于一个相对隔绝封闭的地理环境中：北部是辽阔的大漠与草原，西部是浩瀚的戈壁沙漠和青藏高原，西南部是云贵山地和莽莽雨林，东部和东南部的平原与丘陵地带则面向大洋。

Be located be situated=lie in enclosed isolatedboundless

Located//Situated in the eastern Asian continent, it lies in a relatively enclosed setting//environment. In the north are vast deserts and grasslands, in the west endless//boundless Gobi deserts and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateaus, in the south-west Yunnan-Guizhou Mountains and luxuriant//dense rain-forests, and in the east and south-east plains and hilly lands facing the oceans.

face sth face the music be faced with

这种相对封闭的地理环境为中国古代文化相对独立的发展提供了自然条件。 This distinctive environment provided (favorable) natural conditions for the relatively separate//independent development of ancient Chinese culture.

所以在相当长的一段时间里，中国文化与外来文化的武力冲撞较少。这对中国文化形成一个历史悠久又自成体系，具有鲜明的地域特征且具有一定的稳定性的文化系统，有着重要的作用。

Therefore, there were less//relatively few force//armed conflicts among the Chinese culture and (the) alien ones for a fairly long period of time, which exerted important impacts on the constitution of a time-honored and self-containing cultural system with striking regional features and definite stability in the Chinese culture.

中国内部的地理环境西高东低，东西走向的几条大河较为均匀地分布于其间，构成了辽河、黄河、长江、珠江几个流域。

The (inner) terrain of China is high in the west and low in the east. Several west-east running large rivers are evenly distributed, forming//creating the valleys of the Liaohe River, the Yellow River, the Changjiang River, and the Pearl River.heart-throb 流域内纵横其间的支流为农业的发展和交通提供了有利的自然条件，也促成了区域文化的发展。

The criss-crossing branches//tributaries inside the valleys not only provide favorable natural conditions for agricultural development and convenient transportation, but facilitate the progress of regional cultures as well.

风格多样各异的区域文化融合为一体，丰富了中国文化的内涵。但又产生了区域文化间几次的冲突，这里面既有民族间的，也有地方政权间的，但最终是复归于文化的融合和政治的一统。

In their merging into a whole, regional cultures with//of various styles eiched the

(connotation//content of)Chinese culture, yet brought about//caused several conflicts, among which some occurred between different ethnic groups, while others between local regimes. In any case, they eventually reverted to cultural integration and political unity/unification.

家电以旧换新实施办法出台 电视最高补贴400元

财政部网站 2009年7月2日 财政部新闻办公室 Website of the Ministry of Finance

Implementing Measures for Household/Home Appliance Trade-in Unveiled,// with 400 yuan//RMB Ceiling Subsidy for a TV set News//Press Office,//of the Ministry of Finance

近日，财政部、商务部、发展改革委、工业和信息化部、环境保护部、工商总局、质检总局联合印发了《家电以旧换新实施办法》（以下简称《办法》），对家电以旧换新的补贴办法、操作流程及组织实施等内容做出了具体规定。

Recently//In the past few days, The Implementing Measures for Household/Home Appliance Trade-in (hereinafter referred to as the Measures)was jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and the State Quality Inspection Administration, making/providing detailed/specific regulations for household appliance trade-in project in terms of subsidy measures/means/methods, operating procedures and organizing implementation.

《办法》明确，2009年6月1日至2010年5月31日，凡在北京、天津、上海、江苏、浙江、山东、广东、福州和长沙等9个试点省市注册登记具有法人资格或具有试点省市当地户口，在规定时间内交售旧家电并购买新家电的单位和个人，在购买新家电时可享受新家电销售价格10%的家电补贴。

It is clearly stipulated in the Measures that within/in such nine pilot provinces and cities as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Fuzhou, and Changsha, any institutions/organizations registered with corporate capacity or any individuals (registered) with local domicile, can enjoy a 10% discount/10% purchase discount when they trade in the old home appliances for the new ones in the given time during June 1st, 2009 and May 31st, 2010,

此次列入家电以旧换新补贴产品范围的品种有：电视机、电冰箱（含冰柜）、洗衣机、空调、电脑等5类。补贴上限为：电视机400元/台，冰箱（含冰柜）300元/台，洗衣机250元/台，空调350元/台，电脑400元/台。

Items listed in this trade-in cover 5 categories of TV sets, refrigerators (including ice-boxes), washing machines, air-conditioners, and computers. The ceiling/cap subsidies are 400 yuan//RMB per TV set, 300 yuan//RMB per refrigerator/icebox, 250 yuan//RMB per washing machine, 350 yuan//RMB per air-conditioner, and 400 yuan//RMB per computer. ￥ yen

购买人购买新家电时直接申报家电补贴，由销售企业代财政部门进行审核，对符

合要求的，当场兑付补贴资金。

When purchasers are buying new household appliances, they can directly apply for subsidies, which will be verified and cashed in on the spot by the relevant selling enterprises on behalf of the financial department if their applications conform with/to the requirements.

此外，凡在规定时间内从购买人手中收购旧家电并交售给指定拆解处理企业进行拆解的中标家电回收企业，均可享受运费补贴。

In addition, any bid winner//bid winning enterprises in household appliances recycling are entitled to transportation subsidy if they buy//acquire the old appliances from the purchasers and sell in a given time to the appointed//given disassembling enterprises to process.

《办法》同时明确，试点省市政府负责本地区家电以旧换新工作的监督管理，试点省市政府要建立工作制度，保障家电以旧换新工作有序开展。

The Measures also makes it clear that//It is also made clear in the Measures that//It is also clearly stipulated in the Measures that the (provincial and city//municipal) governments of the pilot provinces and cities should be responsible for//should take charge of the trade-in supervision and management by establishing working system to ensure the orderly operation of the project.

实施家电以旧换新政策是中央继出台家电下乡政策后，为进一步促进扩大内需、推动科学发展，根据我国家电产业发展和消费市场实际做出的又一项重大决策。

The policy of implementing household appliance trade-in is another major decision of the central government, based on our country's//China's home appliance development and actual consumer market, to further expand///promote domestic demand and advance///facilitate scientific development after the rural household appliance promotion project//policy

实施家电以旧换新有利于扩大消费需求，促进内外需平衡；有利于提高资源能源利用效率，减少环境污染；有利于促进节能减排和循环经济发展，推动产业升级和经济结构调整。

It is favorable//helpful to expand consumer demand, facilitate the balance between the internal//domestic and external//overseas demands, promote//increase the utilization efficiency of natural resources, and decrease environmental pollution. It is also conducive to advance energy-saving, emission-reduction, and recycling economy, and to propel industrial upgrading and economic restructuring.

姜太公钓鱼 angle//fish>>>>The///A legend of Jiang Taigong

民间有句俗话，叫做“姜太公钓鱼－－愿者上钩”。这句话来自于一段历史故事。

A folk saying goes that "When Jiang Taigong angles//fishes, only the willing one comes to be caught (by the hookless rod)", which originates from a historical story. style name//courtesy name

据史料记载：姜太公名叫姜尚，字子牙，东海(今山东省日照市东)人。因其始封于吕，故以封地为姓，又称吕尚。

族望 courtesy name

According to the historical records, Jiang Taigong, also named Jiang Shang, with style name Ziya, was born in Donghai(the present eastern Rizhao City, Shandong Province). As his ancestor had been granted with the land Lv, he once chose Lv as his surname and also came to be known as Lv Shang.

商纣王时，姜尚曾任朝廷大夫。因目睹纣王昏庸残暴，百姓民不聊生，遂辞官隐居于渭水之滨。

During the reign of King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty, Jiang Shang held the post as a senior official in court. Witnessing the fatuity and cruelty of the King and the dire poverty of the common people///the King's fatuity and cruelty and the common people's dire poverty, however, he resigned to live in seclusion near/on the bank of the river Wei// the Weishui River

当时位于西部的诸侯国周国国力强盛，西伯姬昌(即周文王)礼贤下士，仁义治国，老百姓安居乐业。

At that time, Zhou, a vassal state in the west, was powerful under the merciful//benevolent administration//ruling//governance of its duke Ji Chang(later known as King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty). He was courteous to the wise and condescending to scholars // He was considerate and kind to men of talent, and everyone in the state lived a happy and harmonious life.

但长期以来，姬昌一直未能遇到一位贤德的辅佐。

But for a long time, he had failed//had been unable to obtain the assistance of a wise man.

一天，姬昌乘车去渭水北岸打猎。在渭水边上，姬昌看见一个老者在岸边垂钓，大队人马走过，老者充耳不闻，仍然是静静地钓鱼。

One day, Ji Chang went hunting on the northern bank of the river, where he found an old man angling. When the mass (groups) of men and horses passed by, the old man still continued his angling quietly without being disturbed.////To the by-passing of the mass (groups) of men and horses, the old man turned a deaf ear and still continued his angling quietly without being disturbed.

这位老者正是姜尚，传说当时已经70岁了。

This old man was nobody but Jiang Shang, who was rumored/said to be 70 years old then//to be at his 70 then.

姬昌觉得奇怪，就下车来到老者跟前，却发现老者钓鱼的鱼钩是直的，根本就钓不上鱼来。

Puzzled, Ji Chang got off his carriage and went towards to him, only to find that the angling rod of the old man was hookless//the so-called hook of the old man was straight, (which was) impossible to catch any fish.

姬昌知道老者是一位奇人，就跟他聊了起来。

He knew that the old man was a genius and began chatting up with him.

经过一番谈话，姬昌发现这位老者正是自己要找的人，于是高兴地说：“我祖父在世的时候曾对我说过：?将来会有一奇人帮助你把周族兴盛起来。?您正是我要找的人。我的祖父盼望您已经很久了。” After their conversation, Ji Chang realized that the old man was the very person he had been searching for. Then he said in delight, " My grandfather told me when he was still alive, 'A genius will help you make our Zhou clan powerful and prosperous someday.' You are the very person I'm

looking for. My grandfather was expecting you for a long time."

因此古代文献中又称姜尚为“太公望”或“姜太公”。

So in ancient documents, Jiang Shang was also called Taigong the Expected or Jiang Taigong.

于是，姜尚跟随姬昌来到西周，被封为国师。他辅佐西伯推行新政，西周愈加强盛，

Shortly after that///Later, Jiang Shang followed Ji Chang to the state Zhou, where he was conferred//titled as the state mentor. He assisted the duke to carry out reforms, making the state more and more powerful.

周边诸侯国的人民也都纷纷归顺西周，三分天下西周占有了二分。

As a result, people of the neighboring vassal states came to convert themselves to//as the subjects of the state Zhou one after another, which enabled Zhou to occupy two thirds territory of the Shang Dynasty.

西伯去世后，其子姬发(即周武王)继位，仍封姜尚为国师，尊称尚父。Succeed to the throne/dukedom/chairmanship/chef

After the death of Ji Chang, Ji Fa, a son of the duke, succeeded to the dukedom. He also conferred Jiang Shang as the state mentor and respectfully addressed him as Father Shang///Shang the Father.

在姜尚的辅助下，姬发在盟津大会诸侯，随后兴兵伐纣，商纣王自焚而死.

Under///With his assistance, Ji Fa assembled the dukes of the other vassal states in Mengjin before launching wars against the King, who was forced to commit suicide by self-burning (to death)///was forced to burn himself to death..

商朝灭亡。姬发建立了周朝，史称周武王，追封其父西伯姬昌为周文王。周朝建立以后，姜尚被封到齐地，建都营丘(今山东省淄博市临淄区齐陵镇附近)，齐国后来成为诸侯国中的强国。

After the downfall of the Shang Dynasty, Ji Fa established the Zhou Dynasty and was known as King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty in history. He honored his father Ji Chang with post-humous title of King Wen and granted Jiang Shang with the land Qi, of which capital was (in) Yingqiu(near the present Qiling Town, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shangdong Province). Later, Qi became a power among the vassal states.

金砖国家BRICS//BRIC Countries//BRICS Countries

2001年，美国高盛公司首席经济师吉姆?奥尼尔（Jim O'Neil）首次提出“金砖四国”这一概念，来自这四个国家的英文国名开头字母所组成的词BRIC，指巴西（Brazil）、俄罗斯（Russia）、印度（India）和中国（China），其发音类似英文的“砖块”（brick）一词。

In 2001, Jim O'Neil, (a/the)chief economist of Goldman Sachs//Goldman Sachs in the US, put forward for the first time the concept of BRIC, which was an acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, and China and whose pronunciation is similar to that of the English word "brick".

.......put forward for the first time the concept of BRIC, which was an acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. As its pronunciation is similar to that of the English word "brick", it was translated/rendered into Chinese as jinzhuan guojia(金砖国家literally golden brick countries). 公知=公猪

汉译英短文篇二：汉译英短文翻译

汉译英短文翻译

1

近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字）

1）城市化urbanization 4）远非?一所能及surpass

2）加速阶段an accelerating phase 5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit

3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems

In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.

2

世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）

1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 3）使??丧失deprive of

2）头号罪魁the chief culprit 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV

Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.

3

当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字）

equipment 1）传真机fax machines

2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal 3）占主导地位dominate

In today's China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study，in 2002，Chi-na needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.

4

2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字）

1）数码相机digital camera 3）按快门press the shutter

2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo cards 4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen

Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5．1 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 3．1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason：they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don't have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.

5

由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的材料。（113字）

1）流行popularity 2)自身特性和特点qualities and characteristics in itself

3）不无相关have to do with 5）吸收take into

4）容易接受和适应receptive and adaptable

The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.

6

多年来，家长和老师都曾得到过这样一种信息：尽量利用任何机会表扬孩子，对他们所干的任何事情都要说好—据说这样做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年来许多教育家和儿童心理学家正在得出一种完全相反的结论，他们认为对孩子往往少一些赞扬为好。（113字）

1）得到信息get the message 4）儿童心理学家child psychologist

2）尽量利用任何at almost any opportunity 5）得出完全相反的结论drawing a completely different

conclusion 3）自尊self-esteem

For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion：less praise is often better for their children.

7

会议期间，有3个问题受到了特别重视，它们是：加强和巩固农业在国民经济中的地位和作用，提高农民收人；调整和改进产业结构，改进和加快区域性经济发展；努力工作，加快下岗工人就业和再就业步伐，改善社会保障制度。

1）受到特别重视be highlighted for special attention 4）区域性经济regional economies

2）加强和巩固consolidate and strengthen 5）下岗工人laid-off workers

3）调整和改进readjust and optimize

During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers' income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．

8

当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。因此，党中央决定从海外我们的留学生中，从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门，比如说银行、保险等行业，以及国有大型企业的管理层。（120字）

1）人才talented professionals. 4）引进人才introduce talented people from outside

2）海外留学生overseas students 5）银行、保险业banking，insurance industry

3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of 6）国有大型企业large state-owned enterprise

In today's world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hongkong，Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and

that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.

9

我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）

1）广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land

2)给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing

3）纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth

4）广大的森林，丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits

5）给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation

6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas

China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.

10

温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族团体所作的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。现今的180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。（120字）

1）温哥华Vancouver

2）多民族团体multi-ethnic groups

3）智慧和勤奋的结晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此处可根据上下文进行转换调整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people

4）地广人稀a vast，under-populated country

5）不是本地出生的not born locally

Vancouver's prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast，under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1．8 million

residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents. 11

人体是由各种类型的细胞构成的，这些细胞多达50万亿，它们之间相互联系，相互依赖。如果丧失其中的某些细胞，比如说失去构成整条腿的细胞，将会严重影响其余所有肌体组织；而像心脏或肾脏之类的器官，哪怕相对较少的细胞受到严重损害，也可能会最终导致所有50万亿细胞的死亡。（128字）

1）万亿trillion

2）相互联系，相互依赖interrelated and interdependent

3）影响其余的所有肌体组织handic即all the rest of the organism

4）最终导致end by...，lead to...

A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ，such as th(转载于:wwW.zHaoQt.NEt 蒲 公 英 文 摘:汉译英短文)e heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion.

l2

不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性；而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。（115字）

1）直译与意译literal translation and free translation 4）文献literatures，documents

2）不同程度地to some extent 5）关键在于the crux lies in

3）多采用be preferable to（something）

6）以情动人的作品emotional works

7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works

Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of these literatures lies in accura-cy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry，prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc．，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.

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从20世纪中叶到21世纪中叶的一百年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领导全国人民已经奋斗了五十年，取得了巨大的进展，再经过五十年的奋斗，也必将胜利完成。（105字）

1）20世纪中叶the mid-20th century 3）民族的伟大复兴the nation immensely rejuvenated

2）奋斗endeavor 4）历史伟业historic cause

All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.

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中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。目前，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来，这方面的开支也被列人国家预算之中。在过去的五十年中，由于体育工作者和体育运动员的共同努力，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。（123字）

1）经历undergo 4）列人国家预算 include in the state budget

2）国家的事业an undertaking of the state 5）可喜的成绩gratifying achievement

3）体育运动网network for physical culture

China's sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the People's Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.

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展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。（127字

1）极为重要的时期an extremely important period 4）严峻挑战severe challenge

2）全球化趋势the economic globalization trend 5）跨越式发展development by leaps and bounds

3）周边国家neighboring countries

Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China's economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.

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森林给人提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪声、美化环境、维持及改善生态平衡。如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣有关，而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。（122字）

1）调节气候regulate climate 4）消毒杀菌sterilize（purify）the air

2）保持水土conserve water and soil 5）生态平衡ecological balance

3）防风固沙wall off wind，fix sands

Apart from providing people with timber，forests help regulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize（purify）the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man's health is closely related to the quality of the air，which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests.

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许多树木都能吸收空气中的有害物质和致癌物质。林区空气中的细菌数量只有无林区的百分之一，而百货商店内每立方米空气中则含有四百多万个细菌。绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多百分之十至二十。（112字）

1）致癌物质cancer-causing substances 3）含水量moisture content

2）每立方米per cubic meter

Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1％of that in a deforested area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.

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到2020年，全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加50个百分点，每年可能将出现1500万新病例。世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出，如果不采取积极的预防措施，这样的趋势将无法避免。因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯—例如抽烟—滋生出来的。（101字）

1） 癌症的发病率cancer rate3）无法避免inevitable

2）世界健康组织The World Health Organization

Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization's World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.

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生物学家发现，每年有10万多只信天翁被渔船杀死。如果不采取紧急措施，几十年之后，大部分的信天翁种类都会灭绝。信天翁有极强的耐力和航海能力，能够绕地球飞行几圈而不着陆。它们一生的行程约有一千多万英里，相当于往返地球与月球之间50次。（112字）

1）信天翁albatross 3）灭绝extinguish，be wiped out

2）紧急措施urgent action 4）耐力endurance

Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.

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据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将持续减少。目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5个孩子，而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇女至少要生两个孩子。即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量，人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年，因为

1）持续减少continue to decline 3）人口减少的趋势the tendency to population decline

2）替代率replacement rate

According to researchers' estimate，Europe's population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 ．5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.

汉译英短文篇三：汉译英短文翻译(1)

在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说，这是开始。一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家通过各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸给人们带来了喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。

In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China.It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement.

上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际化大都市。改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展、社会秩序稳定、人们安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华景象。今天，尽管上海色彩斑斓的过去还值得留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东则展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。

Shanghai is a dynamic, vigorous and diversified international metropolis. Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, Shanghai has witnessed tremendous changes that attract worldwide attention. With rapid economic development, stable social order as well as peaceful and contented life and work of its people, Shanghai presents a scene of great prosperity. Today, though Shanghai’s glorious past is still worth remembering and savoring, its ever-changing image has filled more and more people with admiration. Puxi represents Shanghai’s splendid past, while Pudong unfolds its bright future. Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining strikingly with great brilliance.

古时候的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画自娱自乐。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏反映了作者人格的高低。因此，弹琴、下棋、书法和绘画，都代表了一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性，使人目光眼大。书法不仅要把字写得漂亮，也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是通过简单的线条，展现自己想象的世界。

In ancient times, scholars enjoyed themselvesby music, chess, calligraphy and painting at their leisure/in their spare time. In the eyes of Chinese people, the quality of artwork is a reflection of the character of its creator. Therefore, playing music, playing chess, practicing calligraphy and painting show one’s culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to broaden his horizons and purify his soul. By playing chess, one does not aim to win but to test his patience and sharpen his foresight. By practicing calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to cultivate his mind. By painting, one creates his imaginary world with simple lines.

春节是中国最盛大的传统节日，也叫“过年”。除夕夜里，全家人聚在一起吃丰盛的团圆饭，包饺子、放鞭炮、贴春联、看春晚??迎接新的一年到来。大年初一早上，孩子们穿着新衣服，跟着父母去拜年。长辈们往往发给孩子们一些压岁钱，祝福他们又长了一岁。春节是一个家人团聚的日子，离家在外的孩子都要回家。一家老少欢聚团圆，共享天伦之乐。 Spring Festival, also called “Celebrating Lunar New Year”, is the grandest traditional festival in China. On the eve of Spring Festival, the whole family gather together to have a wonderful family reunion dinner, making dumplings, setting off firecrackers , putting up Spring Festival couplets and watching Spring Festival Gala to celebrate the coming of the new year. On the first morning of Spring Festival, children, in their new clothes, follow their parents to pay New Year’s visits. Elders often give children some “gift money”, blessing them as they are a year older. Spring Festival is a period for family members to reunite when grown children away from home all return home. All family members, old and young, gather together to enjoy the happiness of the family reunion.

今天，中国的剪纸主要用于装饰。在中国人看来，贴在门上的红色剪纸能够给全家带来吉祥幸福。在中国的传统节日里，尤其是春节期间，剪纸尤为常见。剪纸可以作为礼物送给亲朋好友。在中国的传统文化里，剪纸可以反映出生活中的各个方面，如吉祥如意、健康长寿和五谷丰登。春节期间，“福”字经常倒贴在门上，表达人们对“福到”的祝福。 Today, Chinese paper-cut is mainly used for decoration. In the eyes of Chinese people, red paper-cut pasted on doors can bring prosperity and happiness to the whole family. During traditional Chinese festivals, especially Spring Festival, paper-cut is more often seen. Paper-cut can be presented to friends and relatives as a gift. In traditional Chinese culture, paper-cut can reflect various aspects of life, such as prosperity, health, longevity and harvest. During Spring Festival, the Chinese character fu, which means happiness, is pasted upside down on doors to express wishes for happiness.

中华文明历来注重社会和谐，强调团结互助。中国人早就提出了“和为贵”的思想，追求天人和谐、人际和谐和身心和谐。今天，中国要构建和谐社会，就是要建设一个民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会，实现物质和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的统一。中国人民把民族团结作为自己的职责，把国家主权和领土完整作为自己至高无上的使命。

Chinese civilization has always attached great importance to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Chinese people, who proposed the idea of “harmony as the most precious” in the early days, strive for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man’s body and soul. Today, it is a harmonious society of democracy and rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and fraternity, vitality and stability, order and harmony between man and nature that China is trying to build , which achieves unity between material and culture, democracy and rule of law, fairness and efficiency as well as vitality and order. Chinese people regard ethnical unity as their responsibility and national sovereignty and territorial integrity as their supreme mission.

正月十五元宵节是中华民族的传统节日，也是春节之后的第一个重要节日，象征着和睦团圆。这是一年中第一个月圆之夜，标志着大地回春。按照中国民俗，在这皓月当空的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏以示庆贺。中国幅员辽阔、历史悠久，元宵节的习俗全国各地也不尽相同。其中，吃元宵、赏花灯和猜灯谜是元宵节最重要的民间习俗。

The Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, also the first major one after the Spring Festival, symbolizing harmony and unity. It is the first full moon night of the lunar year, marking the return of spring. According to the Chinese folk custom, people light thousands of colorful lanterns on this moon-lit night to celebrate the festival. Because of its vast territory and long history, customs of the Lantern Festival vary in different areas across the country, among which eating yuanxiao (sweet sticky rice dumplings), appreciating lanterns and guessing lantern riddles are the most important folk customs.

中国传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在两千多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说。从孔夫子到孙中山，中国传统文化有很多珍贵的思想。比如，强调仁爱、强调集体利益、强调天下为公，特别是强调吃苦耐劳、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些，都对家庭、社会和国家起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。

Traditional Chinese culture, extensive and profound, enjoys a long history. As early as 2000 years ago, there emerged Confucianism founded by Confucius and Mencius, and Taoism founded by Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas. For example, it stresses kindness and love, the interests of the community, the idea of Justice for All in the World, and especially the traditional virtues such as diligence and endurance, respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating families, the society and the country.

中国教育改革的当务之急是要改进现有课程设置和考试办法，不要让孩子只知道死读书。教育改革的关键在于使全社会认识到中、小学教育的目的不只是让学生掌握必要的知识，更应该提高学生整体素质，特别是让他们对人生意义和社会责任这些根本性的问题要有比较深入的思考。学校要选择合适的方式引导学生形成正确的世界观。如果学校只强调知识教育而忽视了人生课程的引导，那么培养出来的只是一批文字或者数字机器。

The top priority in the reform of the education system should be given to the improvement in the curriculum and testing system so that the future generation will not study mechanically.The key to the reform of the education lies in arousing social awareness that primary and secondary education should aim not only to offer basic knowledge to students but also to improve their overall quality, especially to inspire them to ponder over some fundamental issues like the meaning of life and social responsibility. Schools should guide students in an appropriate way so that they can form a proper world view. If schools put undue emphasis on imparting knowledge while neglect the guidance on students’ life, they will produce nothing but machines only capable of memorizing words and numbers.

科教兴国战略是我国的一项基本国策。科技进步是经济发展的决定性因素，发展教育又是科技进步的基础。全球范围内日趋激烈的经济竞争，归根结底是科技和人才的竞争。科教工作的根本任务是提高全民族的思想道德素质、科学文化素质和创新能力。大力发展教育和科技事业是我国现代化事业进一步发展的需要，同时也是适应世界科技革命和全球经济竞争的需要。

The strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education is one of China’s basic state policies. Scientific and technological progress is a decisive factor in economic development, and educational development is the foundation of scientific and technological progress. The increasingly fierce economic competition across the world is, in the final analysis, the competition in science and technology and the competition for talents. The fundamental task of our work in science and education is to elevate the ideological and moral standards, the scientific and cultural level of the entire nation and its creative capabilities. The mission of vigorously developing education, science and technology is necessary for furthering China’s modernization drive and at the same time, for meeting the requirements of the world’s scientific and technological revolution and those of global economic competition.

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