气象因子、土壤理化性状与烟叶内在化学成分的关联度研究

　　摘 要：对广西省代表性烟区的气象因子、土壤理化性状与烟叶内在化学成分的关联度以及这3个方面在烤烟品质形成中的贡献率进行了分析。结果表明：影响烤烟品质最主要的气象因子是气温、湿度（降水）、日照，影响烤烟品质的土壤理化性状主要有土壤有机质和氮、磷含量，影响烤烟品质的化学成分有烟碱、总氮、钾；从主成分分析结果来看，气象因子是影响烟叶品质的重要因素。对于气象因子，5～8月的气温是影响化学成分积累的重要因素，特别是成熟期（7～8月）的气温影响最为显著。全年气象因子与烟叶总氮含量关联度最高，与总糖含量关系密切。在烟叶内在化学成分中，总氮、烟碱、挥发碱、挥发酸对气候条件反应最为显著（生长期）；石油醚与土壤有机质关联度最高。
　　关键词：烤烟品质；气象；土壤理化性状；化学成分；关联度
　　中图分类号：S572.05 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-060X（2016）04-0076-04
　　Correlation Study of Meteorological Factors， Soul Physical and Chemical Properties and Tobacco Leaves Chemical Composition
　　ZHOU Xiao-feng，JIN Ya-bo
　　（Guangxi China Tobacco Industry Co.， Ltd， Nanning 530001， PRC）
　　Abstract：The correlation between meteorological factors， soil physical and chemical properties and the chemical composition of tobacco leaves in Guangxi province were analyzed. The contribution rate of these 3 aspects to the formation of flue-cured tobacco quality was analyzed. The results showed that the main meteorological factors affecting the quality of flue-cured tobacco were air temperature， humidity （precipitation）， and sunshine， the soil physical and chemical properties were the contents of soil organic matter， nitrogen and phosphorus， which influenced the quality of flue-cured tobacco， the chemical components which affecting the flue-cured tobacco quality were nicotine， total nitrogen and potassium； according to the results of principal component analysis， meteorological factors are important factors affecting the intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves. For meteorological factors， the temperature from May to August is an important factor affecting the accumulation of chemical components， especially the maturity period （July to August） has significant impact on temperature. The meteorological factors of whole year has highest correlation with total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves， closely related to the total sugar. In the intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves， total nitrogen， nicotine， volatile base and volatile acid have the most significant response to climate conditions； the petroleum ether has the highest correlation with soil organic matter.
　　Key words： flue cured tobacco quality； meteorological； soil physical and chemical properties； chemical composition； correlation
　　烤烟对环境相当敏感，国内外许多研究已证明，气象条件、土壤性状是影响烤烟物质积累和化学成分变化的重要因子[1-6]。但是揭示累年逐侯气候条件和主要土壤性状对烤烟化学成分的影响，以及这些因子对烤烟品质的贡献率等方面的研究还比较少见。笔者对气象因子、土壤理化性状与烟叶内在化学成分以及这3个方面在烤烟品质形成中的贡献率进行关联度和主成分相关分析，旨在揭示不同时期气象因子、主要土壤性状因子、烟叶内在化学成分与烤烟品质关联的紧密程度，从而为烤烟区域布局和生产提供理论依据。

相关热词搜索：性状 烟叶 理化 因子 土壤