不同采烤方式对川南烤烟上部烟叶产质及效益的影响

发布时间:2019-08-26 来源: 历史回眸 点击:


  摘 要:结合川南烟区生产实际,以上部烟叶为试验材料,开展常规分次采烤、一次性不带茎采烤和带茎采烤3种采烤方式在烘烤用时、用工成本、能耗成本、烤后质量等方面的对比试验。结果表明:与不带茎采烤和常规分次采烤相比,上部叶一次性带茎采烤的烤后烟叶结构疏松、色度较强、颜色多橘黄,身份多为稍厚至中等,油份多,上等烟提高了4.21和12.46个百分点,下等烟下降了0.51和8.23个百分点,均价分别提高了1.62元·kg-1和3.4元·kg-1,经济效益较好,具有一定的推广应用价值。
  关键词:烤烟; 上部烟叶;采烤方式;质量;效益
  中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.06.012
  Effects of Different Curing and Baking Method on the Quality and Benefits of Upper Tobacco Leaves in Southern Region of Sichuan Province
  LUO Yanhong1, QIN Min1, YANG Yide2, ZHANG Lin1, XIE Bing1
  (1.Pingshan County Branch of Tobacca Yibin Corporation in Sichuan Province, Pingshan, Sichuan 645350, China;2.Yibin Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company, Yibin, Sichuan 644002, China)
  Abstract: Combined with the actual production of tobacco area in southern Sichuan, the experiment was conducted with the upper leaves, three methods of curing and baking were set, including conventional grading mining, one-time compilation pole stalk, the curing and baking with stalk method, And the baking time, labor costs, energy costs, quality and other aspects of the difference after baking were compared. The results showed that, compared with the conventional grading mining and one-time compilation pole stalk, after curing and baking with stalk method, the structure of the baked tobacco leaves was more loosed, color was enhanced, the proportion of orange smoke increased obviously, the thickness of leaves moderated, oil increased. The superior tobacco increased by 4.21 and 12.46 percentage, lower tobacco decreased by 0.51 and 8.23 percentage, the average price increased by 1.62 yuan·kg-1 and 3.4 yuan·kg-1, respectively. Therefore, the economic benefits of curing and baking with stalk method were better than the other two methods, which had certain popularization and application value。
  Key words: flue-cured tobacco; upper tobacco leaves; curing and baking method; quality; benefit
  上部煙叶是烤烟产量和质量的重要组成部分,其质量占据整株烟叶的三分之一以上[1-3],提高上部烟叶的烘烤质量及可用性一直是烤烟生产和卷烟工业不断研究的课题。上部烟叶烘烤质量不理想主要表现在烤后烟叶组织不够疏松,叶片僵硬、较厚,挂灰严重[4]。近年来国内研究者从不同生态条件、栽培措施、采烤方式、调制措施等对不同烟区的上部叶可用性进行了深入研究,国内部分烟区已在生产中应用和推广了上部烟叶一次性带茎采收烘烤技术,对改善上部烟叶质量起到了一定作用[5-6]。但对烟叶采烤、成本效益等方面的减工增效的研究报道较少,且不同烟区气候、生态条件及人为的因素影响较大。为此,本研究针对川南烟区上部烟叶质量不高、杂色比例较高等生产实际,通过对带茎和不带茎烘烤过程的比较,以及采烤成本、产质及效益的分析,旨在为解决上部叶烘烤存在的问题,提高上部烟叶的烘烤质量。
  1 材料和方法
  1.1 供试材料
  试验栽培的烤烟品种为云烟 87,由宜宾市烟草公司技术中心统一提供。
  1.2 试验地点
  试验在宜宾市屏山县新安镇石龙村6组进行,海拔920 m,土壤类型为黄壤土,肥力中等,无任何根茎病害史,地面平坦向阳,排灌方便。

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