6种紫珠属药材的性状?半显微及显微比较鉴别研究

发布时间:2019-08-29 来源: 历史回眸 点击:

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  摘要[目的]建立简单易行的紫珠鉴别方法,准确鉴别杜虹花等6种紫珠,保证临床用药的安全有效,为紫珠药材及其中药制剂质量控制提供参考。[方法]采用性状鉴定、半显微及显微鉴定方法对紫珠属6种不同紫珠叶进行鉴别。[结果]在外观形状方面,不同品种的紫珠形态特征较相似,但叶形、叶端、叶基、叶缘、厚薄、表面毛茸及色泽等特征有一定差异,基本可区分;在显微特征方面,腺毛、非腺毛及草酸钙结晶等有明显区别。[结论]性状鉴定方法基本可以鉴别几种紫珠的原药材,但个别品种难以区分;而采用半显微及显微鉴定方法观察其表面制片及粉末制片的腺毛、非腺毛、結晶的形态特征以及分布特点等可鉴别紫珠各品种。准确快速且简便经济的显微鉴定方法是鉴别紫珠属植物药材叶片的关键手段。
  关键词紫珠属植物;性状;半显微;显微;鉴别
  中图分类号S567文献标识码
  A文章编号0517-6611(2015)16-043-06
  Comparative Research of Six Kinds of Callicarpa Medicinal Herbs in the Characters,Semi Microscopic and Microscopic Identification
  QIU Yanxiang1,CAO Man2,ZHANG Danyan2* et al (1.Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational Technical School,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510663; 2.Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006)
  Abstract [Objective] To establish a simple method for identification of Callicarpa formosana Rolfe and other five kinds of Callicarpa bodinieri and provide a reference for quality control of Callicarpa medicine to ensure the safe and effective clinical application.[Method] Six kinds of Callicarpa leaves were identified by using characters identification,semi microscopic identification and microscopic identification methods.[Result] The morphological characteristics of different kinds of Callicarpa are similar.But there are some discernible differences in leaf shape,leaf apex,leaf base,leaf margin,thickness,surface hairy and color features.In the microscopic features,glandular hairs,nonglandular hairs and calcium oxalate crystals of different Callicarpa have obvious difference.[Conclusion] Characters identification method can identify several Callicarpa medicinal herbs,while some varieties are difficult to distinguish.But different kinds of Callicarpa can be identified by using semi microscopic identification and microscopic identification methods to observe the morphological features and distribution characteristics of glandular hairs,nonglandular hairs and crystals.An accurate,rapid and economical microscopic identification method is important to identify different Callicarpa leaves.
  Key words Callicarpa; Traits; Semi microscopic; Microscopic; Identification
  基金项目广东省科技计划项目(2010B030700067)。
  作者简介邱燕祥(1975- ),女,广东饶平人,副主任中药师,从事中药学研究。*通讯作者,教授,博士生导师,从事中药鉴定学研究。
  收稿日期20150413
  中药紫珠叶及大叶紫珠分别来源于马鞭草科紫珠属植物的杜虹花(Callicarpa formosana Rolfe)及大叶紫珠(Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl)的叶或带叶嫩枝,均为药典收载。前者具有凉血收敛止血、散瘀解毒消肿,后者具有散瘀止血、消肿止痛,两者均用于衄血、咯血、吐血、便血、崩漏、外伤出血等症[1]。近年来市场出现同属多种民间习用紫珠类中药,原植物的形态特征较为相似,但功效不尽相同,有学者曾对紫珠属杜虹花、尖尾枫、大叶紫珠、枇杷叶紫珠、广东紫珠、窄叶紫珠进行鉴别[2-3]。为准确区别正品及其他习用品紫珠,笔者针对杜虹花、大叶紫珠及其他地方习用品紫珠如老鸦糊(Callicarpa girldii Hesse ex Rehd.)、枇杷叶紫珠(Callicarpa kochiana Makino)、广东紫珠(Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun.)、窄叶紫珠(Callicarpa japonica Thunb.var.angustata Rehd.)进行分析和鉴定,建立快速、准确的鉴别方法,为确保临床用药安全有效、进一步规范紫珠类中药的临床应用提供科学依据。

相关热词搜索:显微 紫珠 性状 鉴别 药材

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