施肥量对烤烟烘烤过程中多酚氧化酶活性的影响

发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 美文摘抄 点击:

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  摘要:以烤烟NC102为材料,研究不同的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥施用量对烘烤过程中烤烟各部位烟叶多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)氮(N)施用量高于5 g/盆对烘烤过程中各部位烟叶PPO活性均有提高作用,低于5 g/盆能够显著降低烘烤过程中中下部烟叶的PPO活性,上部烟叶的PPO活性没有显著降低;(2)磷(P2O5)施用量低于7.5 g/盆,能够有效降低前72 h烘烤过程中的PPO活性,高于7.5 g/盆时各处理PPO活性没有显著变化;(3)钾(K2O)施用量高于15 g/盆,提高下部烟叶的PPO活性,但显著降低烘烤过程中PPO活性的峰值;钾用量高于20 g/盆能显著降低中上部烟叶在变黄后期和定色前期的PPO活性。
  关键词:氮磷钾肥;烤烟;多酚氧化酶
  中图分类号:S572.010.62文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2019)04-0089-05
  Abstract In the study, the effects of different nitrogen,phosphate and potassium fertilizer application amounts on polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity of flue-cured tobacco NC102 during baking were compared. The results were as follows. (1) The PPO activity of whole tobacco leaves during flue-curing improved when the nitrogen fertilizer application amount was above 5 g per pot. But that of middle and lower tobacco leaves reduced significantly when the application amount less than 5 g per pot, while the reduction of PPO activity was not significant in the upper tobacco leaves.(2) When the application amount of phosphorus (P2O5) was less than 7.5 g per pot, the activity of PPO could be effectively reduced in 72 hours after flue-curing, but had not significant change between treatments when the application amount was above 7.5 g per pot. (3) The potassium(K2O) application amount higher than 15 g per pot could increase the PPO activity of the lower tobacco leaves,but significantly reduced the peak value of PPO activity during flue-curing. The application amount of potassium fertilizer higher than 20 g per pot could significantly reduce the PPO activities of middle and upper tobacco leaves at the late of yellowing stage and pre-fixation.
  Keywords Nitrogen-phosphate-potassium fertilizer; Flue-cured tobacco; Polyphenol oxidase
  施肥是烤煙种植的重要措施之一。作为烤烟生长过程中的大量元素,氮磷钾起着重要作用。随着氮磷钾肥施用量的增加,烟株的株高、茎围和最大叶面积增加,并且能提高烟叶的产量和质量,同时烟碱和还原糖等内含物质均随着不同营养元素施用量的变化而呈现不同的变化趋势[1-3]。
   烟叶成熟后的烘烤调制过程中,由多酚氧化酶 (polyphenol oxidase,PPO)介导的酶促棕色化反应将烟叶中的酚类物质转化为醌类化合物,导致烟叶颜色由黄色逐渐变棕变褐[4-6]。田间生长中的烟叶,多酚类物质位于液泡内,PPO位于质体内,两种物质不能大量接触,酶促棕色化反应不易进行[7]。烟叶调制过程中,温湿度等外界因素的作用破坏了烟叶的细胞结构,PPO和多酚类物质相互接触,为酶促棕色化反应创造了条件。
   影响PPO活性的因素有很多。不同部位鲜烟叶PPO活性表现为上部叶﹥中部叶﹥下部叶,烘烤过程中也存在着不同的变化趋势[8]。兰俊荣等[9]研究指出,中下部烟叶PPO活性随着采收成熟度的增加而降低,上部叶片PPO活性则增加。武云杰等[10]研究发现,适当推迟打顶能降低烟叶烤前和烘烤过程中的PPO活性,提高烟叶的易烤性和耐烤性。施肥上,不同施钾量和氮钾比对烟叶不同部位的PPO活性存在不同的影响,以钾肥用量303.75 kg/hm2的处理最能改善烟叶的烘烤特性[11]。此外,马晓林等[12]研究指出,施钾使马铃薯叶片中多酚氧化酶活性显著提高。也有研究表明,在0~5.84 g/盆范围内,随施磷量增加,烟叶氮磷钾、多酚含量及PPO活性逐渐增加,均呈显著正相关,磷肥过多时,抑制作用显著[13]。
   目前施肥对烤烟PPO活性影响的研究多集中在烤烟田间生长阶段,烘烤过程中的研究相对匮乏。因此,开展氮磷钾肥不同施用量处理下烤烟烘烤过程中的PPO活性变化动态研究,可为烤烟生产中田间施肥调控提供理论依据。

相关热词搜索:氧化酶 烤烟 烘烤 施肥 活性

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