不同采烤方式对红花大金元上部烟叶质量的影响

发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 美文摘抄 点击:


  摘要 [目的]探索提高红花大金元上部叶烘烤质量的采烤方式。[方法]研究对比了上部叶(4~6片)逐片一次性采收、带茎一次性采收、分2次采收(每次采收2~3片)3种模式,从烤后烟叶外观质量、内在化学成分协调性、经济性状及感官评吸质量等方面进行统计分析。[结果]与上部叶分2次采收模式相比,逐片一次性采收和带茎采收模式,叶片单叶重有所降低,烤后烟叶外观质量、内在化学成分协调性、经济性状及感官评吸质量都有所提高,尤其是对改善第4~6叶位烟叶整体质量效果明显。综合评价,上部叶逐片一次性采烤表现最好,其次为带茎采烤,分2次采烤表现较差且存在烘烤难度大、杂色比例高、香气质含量低等问题。[结论]在保山植烟区红花大金元上部叶可采取“逐片一次性采烤”或“带茎一次性采烤”模式。
  关键词 烤烟;烟叶质量;化学成分;评吸质量
  中图分类号 TS41+1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2018)02-0023-04
  Abstract [Objective]Study on the method of improving the baking quality of upper leaves of HongDa. [Method]Comparative study of three models:(4 to 6) onetime harvest, with a stem of harvest, harvest twice,statistical analysis was carried out on the appearance quality, internal chemical composition coordination, economic characters and sensory evaluation quality of cured tobacco leaves.[Result] The results showed that with the upper leaves harvested two times compared with the model of piecewise onetime harvest and harvesting with stalk, leaf weight decreased, leaf appearance quality, chemical composition, internal coordination of economic traits and sensory quality are improved significantly, especially to improve the overall 4-6 tobacco leaves quality effect. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the upper leaves were the best for single time picking and baking, followed by stalk picking and roasting, and the performance of two times was poor, and the difficulty of baking was high, the proportion of variegated was high, and the aroma content was low.[Conclusion]It is recommended that the upper leaves of safflower Jinyuan in Baoshan tobacco planting area can adopt the mode of “one by one picking or baking” or “taking the stem with one time to roast”.
  Key words Fluecured tobacco;Quality of tobacco leaf;Chemical composition;Smoking quality
  烤煙上部叶片数占整棵烟株有效采烤叶片的1/3,是烟株产量和质量的重要组成部分。由于上部叶除具有良好的光照条件、通风透光较好外,植物的顶端优势也会促进叶内干物质的积累,导致上部叶组织结构紧密、叶片较厚、难烘烤、初烤烟叶化学成分不协调等[1-2]。为提高上部叶在卷烟工业中的可用性,国内外在提高上部烟叶烘烤质量方面进行了较多研究[3-5]。据研究报道,常规品种或K326品种上部叶带茎烘烤或一次性采烤,有利于改善上部烟叶质量,提高烟叶产值[6-9],但对红花大金元上部叶采烤方式的报道较少。红花大金元是高档卷烟配方的重要原料,上部烟叶难烘烤、初烤烟叶青筋率高等问题是制约烟农经济收益的主要瓶颈。笔者针对保山烟区特色品种红花大金元上部叶采取不同采烤方式,为探索保山烟区红花大金元上部烟叶适宜的采收方式,寻求上部烟叶适宜的采收方式与烤后烟叶质量的相互关系,进一步提高红花大金元上部初烤烟叶的可用性等方面提供理论依据和数据支撑。
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 材料
  烤烟品种:红花大金元,选取大田管理规范、个体与群体生长发育协调一致、落黄均匀的优质烟示范田开展试验;烤房为卧式密集烤房(8.0 m×2.7 m),烘烤燃料为褐煤。
  1.2 试验设计 处理①:上部叶(4~6片)逐叶一次采收;处理②:上部叶(4~6片)带茎一次采收;处理③:上部叶(4~6片)常规分2次采收,每次采收2~3片。
  上部叶采收时从顶部向下对第1、2、3、4、5、6叶位做标记,每个处理80株,设3次重复,随机小区排列;处理①和处理②采烤时间与常规第1次采烤时间同步;编竿后挂在同一密集烤房的二层中间位置,采取三段式烘烤工艺进行烟叶烘烤。

相关热词搜索:金元 烟叶 红花 方式 质量

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