战争中的世界_二战全史

　　今年,为纪念索尔费里诺战役150周年,红十字国际委员会、北京红十字会、瑞士驻华使馆及大河画廊共同在京举办了“战争中的世界”大型图片展。本刊选登其中部分图片,以期使读者透过这些富有视觉冲击力的“战争中的世界”画面,感受人性的本真,珍惜和平世界的美好。
　　
　　过去30年间,地雷在阿富汗都被不分皂白地使用。数十万枚地雷散布在那里,未被标明也未被发现。地雷造成10万或更多阿富汗人残疾。
　　Landmines have been used indiscriminately in Afghanistan for the last three decades.Hundreds of thousands lie unmapped and undiscovered. Landmines have left an estimated 100,000 or more Afghan people disabled.
　　
　　詹姆斯?那赫特韦拍摄了一些被阿富汗当局拘留的人,就像这幅照片中的男子。红十字国际委员会驻喀布尔的翻译萨沙陪同他工作过。萨沙后来说起他的感悟:“我发现他们中的许多人都不肯放弃自己的人格,在十分艰难的困境中仍完好无损地保持自尊。有时,我不禁会问自己:‘如果处在他们的境况下,我能做得到吗?’他们是如何极力维护尊严的―这是令我惊叹的事情。”
　　James Nachtwey photographed detainees held by the Afghan authorities like the man in this photo. Sasha, an ICRC interpreter based in Kabul, accompanied him. Afterwards, Sasha spoke of what he had learnt:“I discovered that many of them had held on to their sense of themselves, that they had emerged intact from some very difficult situations. Sometimes, I ask myself: "In a situation like theirs, would I have done as well?" How they managed to preserve their dignity: this is the astonishing thing for me."
　　
　　住所 Shelter and flight
　　在这个被改成收容中心的车库中,20户流离失所的家庭住在破旧的单间里。格鲁吉亚祖格迪迪的官方失业率约为70%。大多数人靠每月22拉里(10美元)的公共福利金维生,以豆子和面食为主食。
　　In this garage, which has been converted into a collection centre, 20 displaced families live in shabby single rooms in Georgia. The official rate of unemployment in Zugdidi is approximately 70 percent.Most people subsist on monthly public welfare payments of 22 lari (10 US dollars) and a diet of pulses and pasta.
　　
　　纸板做铺盖 Bedding on boards
　　在菲律宾的棉兰老岛、政府军与武装叛军对峙前线的一个疏散中心,一名儿童在他家的临时住所前玩耍。一些家庭能够在学校和公共建筑内找到临时避难所,而另一些家庭的处境更加岌岌可危,有时甚至就睡在硬纸板上。
　　On the island of Mindanao in Philippine, a child plays in front of his family"s temporary home in an evacuation centre on the frontline between government forces and armed opposition fighters. While some families were able to find shelter in schools and public buildings, others are living more precariously, sometimes sleeping on nothing more than sections of cardboard.
　　
　　城中之战 War in the city栌
　　黎巴嫩的内战愈演愈烈,最近一轮战斗于2008年5月初爆发,7月和8月最为激烈。冲突在贝鲁特爆发,当时的反对党成员在该城的街道上对执政党发动了攻击。战斗迅速蔓延到其他城市,危及约15万居民。
　　The civil war in Lebanon got more and more serious,the latest round of fighting began in early May 2008 and peaked in July and August. The conflicted erupted in Beirut where members of what was then the opposition party confronted the ruling loyalists on the streets of the city. The fighting soon reached the other city, endangering approximately 150,000 inhabitants.
　　
　　等待消息 Waiting for news
　　刚果民主共和国的11岁的奥齐亚斯呆在这个临时休息所里,他不知道父母是否还活着。不久之后他将在红十字国际委员会的帮助下与其家人重聚。
　　Ozias is eleven years old. Here, at a temporary resting place, he is wondering whether his parents are still alive in The Democratic Republic of Congo. He would soon be reunited with his family through the efforts of the ICRC.
　　
　　破坏与逃亡 Destruction and flight
　　巴里德河是黎巴嫩北部的巴勒斯坦难民营, 2007年黎巴嫩军队与“伊斯兰法塔赫”武装组织在该营地发生了近4个月的战斗。约有400名黎巴嫩军人、法塔赫成员以及平民在冲突中丧生。巴里德河大部分区域被夷为平地,4万名居民中的绝大多数都逃到了邻近的巴达维难民营或黎巴嫩的其他地方。数月来他们常处于不稳定的环境之中。对于那些年迈的巴勒斯坦难民来说,这已是他们第二次或是第三次流离失所了。难民营正在慢慢重建,但是截至2008年末成千上万的居民依然无法重返家园。
　　Nahr el-Bared is a Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon where, for almost four months in 2007, the Lebanese army battled an armed group called Fatah al-Islam. About 400 people died in the fighting: Lebanese soldiers, Fatah members and civilians. Much of Nahr el-Bared was reduced to rubble and most of its 40,000 inhabitants fled to the adjacent Beddawi camp or elsewhere in Lebanon. They lived for months in conditions that were often precarious. For the oldest among these Palestinian refugees, it was the second or third time they had been displaced. The camp is gradually being rebuilt, but as of late 2008 thousands of inhabitants had still not been able to return.
　　
　　足球生涯 Football for life
　　截肢者足球一直是利比里亚截肢青年莫大的希望和慰藉之源。他们是最边缘的人群之一,其中大多数人都是战争受害者。
　　“当被问及截肢后的感受时,他们大多数都说想要自杀。”国家截肢者足球队资深教练保罗?托尔伯特表示:“生活对他们而言不再有意义。截肢者足球帮他们重建希望。以最近非洲杯截肢者足球赛中被誉为最佳球员的小伙子为例,他是一名非常棒的球员,但腿被截肢后就失去了希望。在招收他时我对他说,‘你一定行。你还有机会。’他找回了希望,而且,现在他知道,像赢得胜利这种以前拥有双腿时都无法做到的事情,如今靠一条腿就能做了。”
　　Amputee football has been the source of enormous hope and solace for one of the most marginalized groups in Liberia: young men. They are, most of them, victims of the war.
　　“When you ask them how they felt after being amputated, most of them say that they wanted to kill themselves,” says Paul A.Tolbert, senior coach of the national amputee football team. “Life no longer had meaning for them. Amputee football restores their hope. Take the guy who was named the most valuable player in the recent African Cup for amputee football. He was a very good player, but he lost hope when his leg was amputated. When I went to recruit him, I told him, ‘You can make it. There is still a chance for you.’ He has gained hope and, what’s more, now knows that what he could not do, win a war when he had two legs, he is now doing on one leg.”

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