英美文化常识

发布时间:2017-01-17 来源: 美文摘抄 点击:

英美文化常识篇一:英美文化常识

1.What are the two major parties in Britain? ------They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.

2.What is the official full name of Britain? -----It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

3.Who is the head of government in Ireland? -----It is the Prime Minister.

4.Who is James Joyce?

-----He is the most well-know Irish writer of the modern period.

5.Who were the first Americans?

------They were the Indians.

6.What kind of economic system does the United States have?

-----It has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.

7.What is bilingualism?

-----The phenomenon that English and French are the two official languages in Canada is called bilingualism.

8.What are the geographical feature of

Australia as a continent?

------Australia is the flatest and lowest of the continents.

9.What are the powers the constitution confers on the House of Representatives?

------The House of Representatives has powers to make and change laws.

10.What animal is a national symbol of New Zealand?

------The kiwi is a national symbol of the country.

11.What is the Renaissance?

------Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.

12.What are the most important journals in the U.K.?

------They are the Economist,New Statesman and Society,and Spectator.

13.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?

------Because it provides electricity for much

of the Republic.

14.How many states are there in the United States?

------There are 50 states in the United States.

15.What is Hispanic?

------A Hispanic is a Spanish-speaking person of the United States.

16.What is the Bill of Rights?

-------It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution.

17.What is the Canada Council?

-----It is the Canadian Government’s funding agency.

18.What is Aborigines?

-------It is the term used to describe the original people of Australia.

19.What was the nature of the White Australia Policy?

------It was a discriminatory immigration policy,which restricted the non –whites to enter Australia.

20.What are New Zealand’s main exports?

------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports.

21.What was Queen Mary known as?

------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possession on the continent------French port of calais.

22.What did Britain become after the Industrial Revolution?

-----Britain became the “workshop of the world”.

23.What is the House of Lords made up of? ------It is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.

24.What are the two major parties in Ireland? ------They are Fianna Fail and Fine Gael.

25.What is meant by “Vietnamization” of the war?

--------It meant that South Vietnamese troops would be war-built up to replace Americal fighting force.

26.Which country is the world’s biggest

producer and user of tobacco?

------It is the U.S.A..

27.Who was the only writer in colonial period still read today?

-------He was Benjamin Franklin.

28.Who was the first prime minister in Canada?

------He was Sir John Macdonald.

29.What was the convict system?

------In(来自:www.zhaoQt.NeT 蒲公英文摘:英美文化常识) the convict system, the convicts were punished by being transported to remote places.

30.How is New Zealand electricity produced? ------It is produced by: firstly,hydropower;secondly,gas;thirdly,coal.

31.What is the most important established Church in Britain?

-----It is the Church of England.

32.What is the jury’s job in Britain?

------In criminal cases,it is to decide the issue of guilt or innocence.

33.Where were oil and natural gas found in

英美文化常识篇二:英美文化知识竞赛试题

英语系英美文化知识竞赛试题

第一部分(客观题,共60分) PART ONE

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] are given. Choose the one which you think best completes the statement or answers the questions . (60 points, 2 point for each)

1. The British Isles are made up of _____ . A. three large islands and hundreds of small ones B. three large islands and dozens of small ones C. two large islands and hundreds of small ones D. two large islands and dozens of small ones

2. In Britain,____ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, _____ A. the Queen

B. the Prime Minister

C. the Lord President of the Council D. the Speaker of the House of Commons

3. Christianity was first brought to England by ____. A. the Romans B. the Celts

C. the Anglo-Saxons D. the Danes

4. ______ is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland. A. The Irish Labour Party B. The Progressive Democrats C. Fianna Fail D. Fine Gael

5. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ______. A. 200 B.C.B. 55 B.C.C. 55 A.D.D. 410 A.D.

6. When Wales was brought under the English Crown, the title of “Prince of Wales” was borne by _____, the eldest son of the reigning monarch. A. Richard IB. Hey III C. Edward ID. Edward II

7. Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the ____ of Christ, and is the great Christian festivals.

A. birth B. death

C. CrucifixionD. Resurrection

8. British recorded history begins with the ___invasion. A. RomanB. Viking C. Anglo-Saxon D. Norman

9. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ___. A. the Speaker C. the Duke of Edinburgh

10. In England no females were allowed to vote in national elections before ___. A. 1918 B. 1920 C. 1928

D. 1945

B. the Lord Chancellor D. the Prime Minister

11. The two very important crops in Britain are ___. A. barley and corn B. wheat and rice

C. barley and oats D. wheat and barley

12. In Britain, a ____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns. A. civic election

B. by-election D. general election

C. popular election

13. The eldest son of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ——Prince Charles, Prince of _____, is the heir to the throne. A. England C. Wales

B. Scotland D. Northern Ireland

14. In Britain, the Speaker is a member who is acceptable to all shades of opinion in _______. A. the Privy CouncilB. the House of Lords C. the Supreme CourtD. the House of Commons

15. Australia, which is one of the world's developed countries, has become rich through _____. A. manufacturing industries B. farming and mining C. service industries D. forestry and fishing

16. With regard to its size, Australia is _____ country in the world. A. the third largest B. the fourth largest C. the fifth largest D. the sixth largest

17. Australia is the world's largest exporter of _____. A. wheat B. wool

C. meatD. dairy products

18. The main feature of Australia's trade is that ______.

A. it is mainly with developing countries and Great Britain B. it has had a deficit on visible trade C. it has had a surplus on invisible trade

D. it has involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products

19. It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia’s shores were _____. A. the Dutch B. the English C. the Germans

D. the Spanish and Portugese

20. The head of state of Australia is ______. A. the Governor B. the President C. the Prime MinisterD. the Queen of England

21. Politically, Australia is divided into _____states and two territories. A. fourB. five C. six D. seven

22. Among the five Australian cities with a population of over a million only ___ lies on the Western coast.

A. SydneyB. Brisbane C. Melbourne D. Perth

23. Apart from Britain, the Queen is also the head of state of the following countries EXCEPT

______. A.Australia B.Canada C.New Zealand D.South Africa

24. In New Zealand, nearly three-quarters of the population (including more than 95 percent of the Maori) live in ____. A. South Island B. North Island C. Stwart Island

D. the Chatham Islands

25. The natural disasters in New Zealand may include ______. A.earthquakes, volcanoes and flooding B.volcanoes, flooding and heavy snows C.earthquakes, flooding, and heavy snows D.volcanoes, heavy snows and earthquakes

26. New Zealand’s highest peak is ___ in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps. A. Mount Ngauruhoe B. Mount Tongariro C. Mount CookD. Mount Taranaki

27. ______ is the capital of New Zealand. A.Auckland B.Wellington C.Toronto D.Montreal

28. New Zealand consists of two main islands: _______. A. North Island and South island B. Steward Island and Long Island C. West Island and East Island D. Victorian island and Tasman Island

29. New Zealand’s climate is generally _____ and seasonal differences are not so great. A. dry and coldB. mild and moist C. hot and wet D. windy and cold

30. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of _____. A. Easter B. Christmas C. Valentine D. New Year's Day

PART TWO

Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F). (10 points, 2 point for each)

31.( )Britain is no longer an imperial country.

32.( )The capital of Belfast is a larger city with half a million people.

33.( )Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics.

34.( )In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances.

35.( )The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy.

36.( )Ireland is a republic with a government headed by a Prime Minister, elected directly by the people.

37.( )The attitude of Ireland toward Britain is dislike or even hatred because of the colonial past.

38.( )The European settlement in Australian started in 1788 in Sydney.

39.( )Victoria and South Australian were established as convict colonies.

40.( )Convict transportation to Australian continent was stopped in 1852.

第二部分(主观题,共20分)

Given an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer on the answer sheet. (20 points,4 points for each)

41. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?

42. What does the British Parliament consist of?

43. Who is the most well-known Irish writer of the modern period?

44. Who is the writer of A Midsummer Night’s Dream?

45. Who is the first female Prime Minister in Australia?

英美文化常识篇三:英美文化背景知识

英美文化背景知识

英语国家中传统的文娱和体育活动;棒球、橄榄球等;英国;

4月23日/7月---戏剧节--为纪念莎士比亚而举行的盛大文娱活动

英语国家中重要的节假日及主要庆祝方式圣诞节---12月25日,情人节----2月14日;感恩节—11月的第四个星期四开始,持续四天

感恩节

每年11月的最后一个星期四是感恩节 (Thanksgiving Day) 。感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日,也是美国人合家欢聚的节日,因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。 感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年,著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和1621年之交的冬天,他们遇到了难以想象的困难,处在饥寒交迫之中,冬天过去时,活下来的移民只有50来人。这时,心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品,还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下,移民们终于获得了丰收,在欢庆丰收的日子,按照宗教传统习俗,移民规定了感谢上帝的日子,并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助,邀请他们一同庆祝节日。

在第一个感恩节的这一天,印第安人和移民欢聚一堂,他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮,列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子,虔诚地向上帝表达谢意,然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年,一直保留到今天。

初时感恩节没有固定日期,由各州临时决定。直到美国独立后的1863年,林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日。

习 俗

每逢感恩节这一天,美国举国上下热闹非常,人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷,城乡市镇到处举行化装游行、戏剧表演和体育比赛等,学校和商店也都按规定放假体息。孩子们还模仿当年印第安人的模样穿上离奇古怪的服装,画上脸谱或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。散居在他乡外地的家人也会回家过节,一家人团团围坐在一起,大嚼美味火鸡。

同时,好客的美国人也忘不掉这一天邀请好友、单身汉或远离家乡的入共度佳节。从18世纪起,美国就开始出现一种给贫穷人家送一篮子食物的风俗。当时有一群年轻妇女想在一年中选一天专门做善事,认为选定感恩节是最恰当不过的。所以感恩节一到,她们就装上满清一篮食物亲自送到穷人家。这件事远近传闻,不久就有许多人学着她们的样子做起来。

美 食

美国人一年中最重视的一餐,就是感恩节的晚宴。在美国这个生活节奏很快,竞争激烈的国度里,平日的饮食极为简单。但在感恩节的夜晚,家家户户都大办筵席,物品之丰盛,令人咋舌。在节日的餐桌上,上至总统,下至庶民,火鸡和南瓜饼都是必备的。因此,感恩

节也被称为“火鸡节”。

感恩节的食品富有传统特色。火鸡是感恩节的传统主菜,它原是栖息于北美洲的野禽,后经人们大批饲养,成为美味家禽,每只可重达四五十磅。通常是把火鸡肚子里塞上各种调料和拌好的食品,然后整只烤出,鸡皮烤成深棕色,由男主人用刀切成薄片分给大家。然后由各人自己浇上卤汁,洒上盐,味道十分鲜美。此外,感恩节的传统食品还有甜山芋、玉蜀黍、南瓜饼、红莓苔子果酱、自己烘烤的面包及各种蔬菜和水果等。

游 戏

感恩节宴会后,有些家庭还常常做些传统游戏。第一次感恩节,人们进行了跳舞、比赛等许多娱乐活动,其中有些一直流传至今。有种游戏叫蔓越桔竞赛,是把一个装有蔓越桔的大碗放在地上,4-10名竞赛者围坐在周围,每人发给针线一份。比赛一开始,他们先穿针线,然后把蔓越桔一个个串起来,3分钟一到;谁串得最长,谁就得奖。至于穿得最慢的人,大家还开玩笑地发给他一个最差奖。

还有一种玉米游戏也很古老。据说这是为了纪念当年在粮食匮乏的情况下发给每个移民五个玉米而流传下来的。游戏时。人们把五个玉米藏在屋里,由大家分头去找,找到玉米的五个人参加比赛,其他人在一旁观看。比赛开始,五个人就迅速把玉米粒剥在一个碗里,谁先剥完谁得奖,然后由没有参加比赛的人围在碗旁边猜里面有多少玉米粒,猜得数量最接近的奖给一大意爆玉米花。

人们最喜爱的游戏要算南瓜赛跑了。比赛者用一把小勺推着南瓜跑,规则是绝对不能用手碰南瓜,先到终点者获奖。比赛用的勺子越小,游戏就越有意思。

除去这些活动外,有些家庭在节日里驱车到乡间去郊游,或是坐飞机出去旅行,特别是当年移民们安家落户的地方——普利茅斯港更是游客们向往的所在。在那里,可以看到按照“五月花”号仿制的船和普利茅斯石,还可以花几个小时在移民村里参观。移民村是仿照当年的样子建成的。参观时,还有专门人员扮成请教徒同游客们谈天,给人以身临其境的感觉。 多少年来,庆祝感恩节的习俗代代相传,无论在岩石嶙峋的西海岸还是在风光旖旎的夏威夷,人们几乎在以同样的方式欢度感恩节,感恩节是不论何种信仰、何种民族的美国人都庆祝的传统节日。

圣诞节

12月25日这一天,各教会都会分别举行崇拜仪式。天主教与东正教举行圣诞弥撤,新教举行圣诞礼拜。有些教会的庆祝活动 从午夜零点就开始。除崇拜仪式外,还演出圣诞剧,表演 耶稣降生的故事。

圣诞起源

据基督教徒的圣书《圣经》说,上帝决定让他的独生子耶稣基督投生人间,找个母亲,然后就在人间生活,以便人们能更好地了解上帝、学习热爱上帝和更好地相互热爱。“圣诞节”的意思是“庆祝基督”,庆祝一个年轻的犹太妇女玛丽娅生下耶稣的时刻。

玛丽娅已和木匠约瑟夫订婚。可是,在他们同居之前,约瑟夫发现玛丽娅已怀孕。因为约瑟夫是个正派的人,又不想把这件事说出去让她丢脸,所以他想悄悄地和她分手。他正在考虑这事时,上帝的天使出现在他的梦中,对他说,“不要嘀咕了,把玛丽娅娶回家。她怀的孩子来自圣灵。她将生下个男孩子,你们给孩子起名叫耶稣,因为他将从罪恶中拯救人们。”

尽管耶稣的确切生日并不清楚,大约是在2000年前,但是日历按着假定日期把时间分为公元前(耶稣基督诞生前)和公元后(A. D. 是拉丁文缩写,意思是“有了我们主--耶稣的年代”)。在公元后的头三百年间,耶稣的生日是在不同的日子庆祝的。最后,在公元354年,教堂的领导人把12月25日定为耶稣基督的生日。

圣诞PARTY:

圣诞节必不可少的节目,有家庭式的,朋友式的,情人式的各种歌样PARTY。一种友情,亲情,爱情聚会的好时光。戴着圣诞帽,唱着圣诞歌,说说大家的圣诞愿望。

圣诞大餐:

圣诞节作为一个隆重庆祝节日,不能少了好吃美味食品。圣诞节火鸡大餐就是例牌主菜了,以前的人们或许会用微波炉自己做,现在的人们过节好多就是在外面餐馆里用餐了,商家们也会利用机会赚顾客们的钱,当然还有许多圣诞节食品,姜饼、糖果等等了。

圣诞帽:

那是一顶红色帽子,据说晚上戴上睡觉除了睡得安稳和有点暖外,第二天你还会发现在帽子里多了点心爱的人送的礼物。在狂欢夜它更是全场的主角,无论你去到那个角落,都会看到各式各样的红帽子,有的还有帽尖发亮的,有的是金光闪闪的。

圣诞袜:

最早以前是一对红色的大袜子,多大都可以,因为圣诞袜是要用来装礼物的,小朋友最喜欢的东西,晚上他们会将自己的袜子挂在床边,等待第二天早上的收礼。要是有人圣诞节送小汽车那怎么办?那最好就叫他写张支票放进袜子里好了。

圣诞卡:

是祝贺圣诞及新年的贺卡,上面印着关于耶稣降生故事的图画,以及“庆祝圣诞、新年快乐之类的祝愿的话。

报佳音:

圣诞夜指12月24日晚至25日晨。教会组织一些圣诗班(或由信徒自发地组成)挨门挨户地在门口或窗下唱圣诞颂歌,叫作“报佳音”,意思是再现当年天使向伯利恒郊外的牧羊人报告耶稣降生的喜讯。“报佳音”的人称为Christmas Waits,这项活动往往要进行到天亮,人数越来越多,歌声越来越大,大街小巷满城尽是歌声。

英美文化背景知识

[ Author:unknown FROM:Internet HITS:77 EDITOR:12ergl ]

[阿波罗计划](Apollo Plan)

1961年,美国总统肯尼迪(J.F.Kennedy,1961年1月至1963年11月在任,1963年11月遇刺身亡)批准的一项美国航天计划。这项计划准备于60年代末把人送到月球并安全护送回地面。为实现这项计划,关国开发了“水星”,“双星子痤”和“阿波罗”三种宇宙飞船。其中“阿波罗”由指令舱、服务舱和登月舱组成。各个组成部分的功能不同:指令舱中坐3名宇航员,并对飞船进行全面监控;服务舱提供动力能源;登月舱是登月之工具。“阿波罗”飞船用“土星五号”火箭送到月球附近,两名宇航员乘登月舱降到月球表面,完成任务后,安全返回飞船,飞回地球。美国在1963-----1966年间进行了多次不载人的登陆月飞行实验。1968年10月,“阿波罗7号“完成了首次载人环绕地球的飞行,同年12月,”阿波罗8号“成功地进行了人类首次环月球的飞行,随后,“阿波罗9号”,“阿波罗10号”只进行了登月舱的模拟登月降落实验。人类真正登上月球的飞行则是由1969年7月发送的“阿波罗11号”完成的。两名美国宇航员成功地登陆上了月球,实现了人类登的梦想。随后,又发射了6次飞船,5次成功,每次都有两名宇航员在月球表面放置了各种实验仪器,采集了

月球岩石与土壤标本,还对月球表面进行了考察,为研究月球与月环空间提供了可靠的科学资料。在历次登月的“阿波罗17号”成功降落月球表面而告结束,历时11年,耗资高达250亿美元,众多的公司,高校和研究的数十万工作人员参加了这项计划的研究与实施。由于这项计划主要是由“阿波罗”飞船完成的,故称“阿波罗”计划。

[艾森豪威尔主义](Eisenhower Doctrine)

美国总统艾森豪威尔在冷战时期提出的一种对政策。他答应向为抵御共产主义而需要帮助的任何中乐国家提供军事或经济援助,以遏制苏联在这一地区由于向埃及和其他阿拉伯国家提供武器而不断扩大的影响,并宣布说:任何中东国家如果寻求美国的帮助,他必定用武力去保护它的独立。这实际上是10年前杜鲁门在希腊和士耳其所执行的类似政策的继续。根据艾森豪威尔主义,美国应黎巴嫩政府的请求,曾于1958年7月派海军陆战队登陆,协助黎巴嫩政府镇压该国共产党组织的武装活动。

[白宫和白厅](White House and Whitehall)

乍看起来,白宫与白厅似乎有着紧密的关系,其实他们迥然不同。白宫是美国总统的官邸,坐落在首都华成功顿的宾夕法尼亚林阴大道,初建于1792年,是一幢二层建筑物。原来白宫的墙为烟火所熏染,才全部刷成白色。白宫自1800年的第二届总统亚当斯志便于工作成为总统官邸。以后曾多次改建、扩充。第26届总统西奥多.罗期福在信中首次使用“白宫”一词,于是,人们从此便视白宫为美国政府的代称。白厅,现在是英国伦敦城内的一条街,位于国会大厦和唐宁街之间,是英国政府所在地。枢密院,内政部,外交部,国防部等均设于此。而在唐宁街10号(No.10,Downing

Street)的首相官邸,便于工作是白厅的中心。白厅原是白金汉宫东面的一座乳白色的大楼,可惜毁于1698年的一场大火,人们常常将白厅作为英国政府行政部门的代称。

[白金汉宫](Buckingham Palace)

白金汉宫是英国的现代王宫,坐落在伦敦西区中心,东接对詹姆斯公园(St.James’s Park),西临海德公园(Hyde

Park).起初是白金汉公爵于1703年建造的一座公馆。1761年,英王乔治三世花了2万1千英镑为其妻买下。1825年乔治四世花了10年时间加以重建,并把它作为王宫。1837年,维多利亚女王(Queen

Victoria)接替王位后,白金汉宫正式成为王宫。现在的白金汉宫是一个三层楼的建筑群。整个建筑富丽堂皇,精雅别致。宫内有宴会厅、音乐厅、画廊、图书室、皇家集邮室等600多个要室,陈列着历代皇室收藏的许多艺术珍品还有一个占地约18公顷,幽静,秀丽的御花园。现今女王伊丽莎白二世(Queen

ElizabethII)在伦敦时就信在这里。女王召见首相和大臣,接待和宴请外国元首,接受外国使节递交国书等重大活动,都在宫内举行。

不过,只有少数进行正式访问的外国元首才能下榻白金汉宫。

[白皮书](White Book 或White Paper)

指某国政府或议会发表的重要文件或报告书,因其封面为白色而是得名。不同国家的重要文件或报告书,都有各自惯用的颜色,如英国采用蓝色封面(蓝皮书);法国好用黄色封面(黄皮书);美国常用白色封面(白皮书);西班牙喜用红色封面(红皮书);意大利惯用绿色封面(绿皮书)。但实际上,同一个国家使用的文伯封面颜色并不只限于一种。后来,白皮书,红皮书,黄皮书等便成了某些国家重要官方文件的代称了。

[北大西洋公约组织](North Atlantic Treaty Organization---NATO) 简称“经约”,为西欧主要国家组成的军事集团。1949年4月成立于华盛顿。当时的成员国有美国、法国、加拿大、比利时、卢森堡、挪威、冰岛、葡萄牙、意大

利。这些国家在成立该组织之际,共同签订了北大西洋公约。50年代,希腊、土耳其及原联邦德国了相继加入这个组织,随后,西班呀于80年代初也加入进来。该组织的主要机构有:部长理事会(最高权力机构,由成员国外交部长组成);军事委员会(最高军事机构,由军事组织参加国的总参谋划长组成);防务计划委员会(由防务一体化指挥系统参加国的国防部长组成);常设理事会(由各成员国一名大使级代表组成);国务秘书处(主要负责北约会议的准备,组织及联络工作)。各机构的权力与职能不同。北约的主要活动是通过各机构的工作与领导就国际重大政策、军事问题进行商讨,协调立场,并研究,制定重大政治政策和统一军事战略与军事行动计划。北约还设立了四个地区性军事指挥机构:欧洲盟军、大西洋盟军和海峡盟军司令部及美联国一加拿大计划小组。军事委员会统一指挥各战区司令部的工作。目前,北约总部设在比利时首都布鲁塞尔。

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