破口温度对膜下烟生长及品质的影响

　　摘要：为了解烟苗对温度的耐受能力，确定膜下烟适宜的破口温度，开展了田间及室内模拟验证试验。结果表明，破口前膜下温度可高出膜外10 ℃左右，烟苗长期处于45 ℃以上高温成活率明显下降且生育期出现后移。未破口处理烟苗栽后35 d的株高、茎围、叶面积指数均显著低于40 ℃和45 ℃破口的处理，且烟叶产量、产值仅为40 ℃破口处理的83%左右。及时破口的烟叶总糖含量略高，糖碱比值适宜，感官评吸得分略高。40 ℃和45 ℃破口处理的烤烟整体表现差别不大。因此，当膜下温度超过45 ℃时应及时破口，以防高温灼伤烟苗。
　　关键词：烤烟；膜下移栽；破口温度；成活率；品质
　　中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）05-1212-05
　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.031
　　Effects of Different Crevasse Temperature on Growth and Quality of
　　Tobacco under Plastic Film
　　DENG Xiao-peng1， TAO Yong-ping2， YANG Yu-hong1， DUAN Yu-qi1， YANG Jun-zhang2
　　（1. Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences， Kunming 650021， China；
　　2. Zhaotong Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company， Zhaotong 657000， Yunnan， China）
　　Abstract： In order to investigate the tolerance ability of tobacco seedling to temperature， the field and indoor simulation experiments were conducted to determine the suitable crevasse temperature. The results showed that， the temperature under film was higher about 10 ℃ than outside before crevasse， and survival ratio of tobacco seedlings long-term exposed above 45 ℃ was decreased significantly， also the growth period of seedlings was delayed. After transplanting 35 d， the plant height， stem girth and leaf area index of tobacco seedlings which didn’t crevasse were significantly lower than 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ treatments， moreover， the yield and output value were about 83% to 40 ℃ crevasse treatment. The total sugar content in tobacco leaf crevassing timely was slightly higher， sugar nicotine ratio was appropriate， and the sensory score was slightly higher than other treatments. There was no obviously difference between 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ crevasse treatment as a whole. Therefore， when the temperature under film exceeded 45 ℃， the membrane should be crevassed timely to avoid high temperature burn of tobacco seedling.
　　Key words： flue-cured tobacco；transplanting tobacco seedling under plastic film；crevasse temperature；survival ratio； quality
　　膜下小苗移栽是近年来在云南烟区普遍推广的烤烟栽培技术。云南是典型的立体气候区域，冬春夏初雨水稀少，对烟叶生产影响很大。在有限的水分供应条件下，确保烟苗移栽成活是保障烟叶有效供给的关键。2008年，云南烟区开始尝试烤烟膜下小苗移栽技术，不仅节水效果好，烟苗成活率高，示范推广也取得较好的效果。研究表明，膜下移栽可以改善土壤温度、水分及光照条件，在节本、省工、提高烟叶产量等方面表现出一定优势[1-3]。2010～2014年，云南各植烟州（市）累计推广应用面积已达40多万公顷，并辐射应用到邻近的四川、贵州等烟区。然而，膜下小苗移栽仍有不少技术问题，如适宜的移栽时期、烟苗大小等尚未得到解决。膜下移栽一方面能够节水保墒、促进烟株早生快发，另一方面常会因为膜下高温而造成烟苗灼伤致死。因此，在保证膜下移栽节水保水优势的同时，适时进行地膜破口尤为重要。本文从烤烟膜下移栽适宜的破口温度为出发点，采用田间试验和室内模拟验证相结合的方式，研究不同破口温度对膜下烟生长及品质的影响，旨在为烤烟膜下移栽提供科学依据。
　　1 材料与方法

相关热词搜索：破口 生长 温度 品质 影响