烟叶及土壤中砜嘧磺隆农药残留及消解动态研究

　　摘要[目的]研究砜嘧磺隆在烟草上使用后的残留行为及环境安全性。[方法]建立了利用HPLC-MS/MS技术检测烟叶及土壤中砜嘧磺隆残留量的方法。样品经过乙腈提取，N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）吸附剂净化，高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测，外标法定量。采用所建检测方法测定了GAP试验获得的烟草和土壤中砜嘧磺隆残留。[结果]在0.005～0.500 mg/kg的加标水平下，土壤和鲜烟叶中砜嘧磺隆的平均添加回收率分别为84.1%～95.8%、90.0%～94.2%，相对标准偏差分别为3.2%～6.4%、3.6%～7.3%，定量限均为0.005 mg/kg。在0.010～0.500 mg/kg的加标水平下，干烟叶中砜嘧磺隆的回收率为87.1%～90.1%，相对标准偏差为2.0%～8.9%，定量限为0.010 mg/kg。砜嘧磺隆在鲜烟叶中的原始沉积量为<0.005～0.041 mg/kg，在土壤中为<0.005～0.510 mg/kg，砜嘧磺隆在土壤中消解较快，理论半衰期为1.4～2.9 d；施药后70 d，烤后烟叶中农药残留量低于定量限。[结论]采用20%砜嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂防治烟草田杂草，于烟草移栽期喷雾施药1次，制剂用药量为90～105 g/hm2（有效成分18～21 g a.i./hm2），安全间隔期为70 d。
　　关键词烟叶；土壤；砜嘧磺隆；残留
　　中图分类号S481+.8文献标识码
　　A文章编号0517-6611（2017）23-0128-03
　　Residue and Dynamic Degradation of Rimsulfuron in Tobacco Leaf and Soil
　　XU Jinli，WANG Xiuguo，XU Guangjun et al
　　（Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS，State Tobacco Monopoly Administration，Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management，Qingdao，Shandong 266101）
　　Abstract[Objective] The aim was to study the residual behavior and dissipation of rimsulfuron in tobacco and soil.[Method] The sample collected from the field experiment were extracted by acetonitrile，and cleaned up by dispersive solid phase extraction using Npropyl ethylenediamine （PSA） as adsorbent，and detected by HPLCMS/MS.[Result] The average recoveries of rimsulfuron at the level of 0.005-0.500 mg/kg in fresh tobacco leaf and soil were 84.1%-95.8% and 90.0%-94.2%； the relative standard deviation （RSD） were 3.2%-6.4% and 3.6%-73%，respectively； and the quantitative limit （LOQ） was 0.005 mg/kg.The average recovery of rimsulfuron at the level of 0.010-0.500 mg/kg in cured tobacco leaf was 87.1%-90.1%； the RSD was 2.0%-8.9%； and the quantitative limit （LOQ） was 0.010 mg/kg.The initial deposition of rimsulfuron in fresh tobacco leaf was <0.005-0.041 mg/kg，and was <0.005-0.510 mg/kg in soil.The halflife of rimsulfuron in soil was 1.4-2.9 days，and the final residue in cured tobacco leaves was below 0.010 mg/kg after the application of rimsulfuron for 7 days.[Conclusion] It is recommended to rimsulfuron applied at the stage of transplant to prevent weeds in tobacco fields with the dose of 18-21 grammer per hectare （active ingredients）.The safe intervals is 70 days.
　　Key wordsTobacco leaf；Soil；Rimsulfuron；Residue
　　作者簡介徐金丽（1963—），女，山东青州人，实验师，从事农药残留研究。
　　收稿日期2017-06-07
　　近几年烟叶生产中，随着规模化种植程度越来越高，烟田除草成为影响烟叶生产的制约因素，烟苗移栽到大田时使用除草剂可以大大降低劳动强度，对烟叶生产效率有较大提升。砜嘧磺隆为磺酰脲类选择性芽后除草剂，支链氨基酸合成抑制剂。用于防除一年生或多年生禾本科及阔叶杂草，对一年生杂草芽后早期使用尤佳[1]。但砜嘧磺隆使用后对烟叶安全性的影响鲜有报道，砜嘧磺隆在烟叶和土壤中残留降解趋势和采收烟叶中的残留状况缺少系统研究。

相关热词搜索：消解 烟叶 土壤 农药 残留