黄芪建中汤单煎液与合煎液中铜、铅、镉、汞及砷的含量差异

　　中图分类号 R283；R284.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2019）05-0661-04
　　DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2019.05.17
　　摘 要 目的：研究黄芪建中汤（由黄芪、桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、生姜、大枣6味中药材组成）单味药材水煎液（简称“单煎液”）与各药材合煎液（简称“合煎液”）中铜、铅、镉、汞、砷的含量差异，为中药的临床安全应用提供参考。方法：取黄芪建中汤各药材制备药材样品、单煎液样品及合煎液样品；采用原子吸收分光光度法测定各样品中铜、铅、镉、汞及砷的含量；并将测定结果与2015版《中国药典》和《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》中铜（<20 mg/kg）、铅（<5 mg/kg）、镉（<0.3 mg/kg）、汞（<0.2 mg/kg）及砷（<2 mg/kg）的含量限度进行比较，同时比较单煎液与合煎液中5种元素的含量差异。結果：6味药材中，桂枝和生姜的镉含量超标，分别为0.32、0.74 mg/kg（铜、铅、汞、砷均符合要求），其余药材中5种元素的含量均符合要求；6味药材单煎液及合煎液中铜、铅、镉、汞及砷的含量均符合要求；与各味药材比较，单煎液中铜、铅、镉、汞及砷含量更低（P<0.01）；与各药材单煎混合液比较，合煎液中铜、汞的含量更低（P<0.01），铅、镉、砷的含量更高（P<0.01）。结论：黄芪建中汤各药材合煎会减少铜、汞的溶出，增加铅、镉、砷的溶出；推测合煎过程中各药材之间的相互作用改变了铜、铅、镉、汞及砷的溶出。
　　关键词 重金属；黄芪建中汤；单煎；合煎；原子吸收分光光度法
　　Difference of Copper， Lead， Cadmium， Mercury and Arsenic in the Single Decoction and Combined Decoction of Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction
　　JIN Zhen，XIA Ting，TAN Xiaomei（School of TCM， Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of TCM Preparation/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of TCM Preparation Technology， Guangzhou 510515， China）
　　ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE： To study the difference of the contents of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic in the single decoction and combined decoction of Huangqi jianzhong decoction （containing Astragali radix， Cinnamomi ramulus， Paeoniae radix alba， prepared Glycyrrhiza uralensis， Zingiberis rhizoma recens， Jujubae fructus）， and to provide reference for safe use of TCM in clinic. METHODS： Samples of medicinal materials， single decoction and combined decoction were prepared from different medicinal materials； the contents of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic in various samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry， which were compared with the limits of copper （<20 mg/kg）， lead （<5 mg/kg）， cadmium （<0.3 mg/kg）， mercury （<0.2 mg/kg） and arsenic （<2 mg/kg） content stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia and Green Trade Standards of Importing Exporting Medicinal Plants Preparations. The difference of 5 elements contents were compared between single decoction and combined decoction. RESULTS： Among the 6 medicinal materials， the cadmium content of Cinnamomi ramulus and Zingiberis rhizoma recens exceeded the standard， 0.32， 0.74 mg/kg， respectively （copper， lead， mercury and arsenic all met the requirements）， and the 5 elements content of other medicinal materials all met the requirements； the contents of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic in the single and combined decoction meet the requirements； compared with the medicinal materials， the contents of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic in the single decoction were lower （P<0.01）； compared with mixture of single decoction， the contents of copper and mercury in combined decoction were lower （P<0.01）， while the contents of lead， cadmium and arsenic in the decoction were higher （P<0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： For Huangqi jianzhong decoction， combined decoction can reduce the dissolution of copper and mercury， and increase the dissolution of lead， cadmium and arsenic. The possible reason is that the interaction of various components in the co-decoction process changes the solubility of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic.

相关热词搜索：建中 黄芪 含量 差异 汤单煎液