不同采收期老鸦瓣生物量积累及药材品质研究

　　[摘要]探索不同采收期老鸦瓣生物量积累及药材品质动态变化规律，为确定老鸦瓣合理采收期提供依据。从蕾期至休眠期9次取样，测定各时期生长指标、各器官生物量、鳞茎折干率、水溶性浸出物和多糖含量。结果表明，老鸦瓣植株干物质分配比例随着植株生长中心转移发生变化，鳞茎是干物质分配的主要器官。全生育期植株总干物质积累及鳞茎干物质积累呈递增趋势，且果实成熟期最高。果实成熟期与枯萎期和休眠期的鳞茎生物量没有显著差异。鳞茎生物量积累与其他形态指标间的关系系数随采收期不同差异较大，蕾期、花期及果实成熟期地上部分某些形态指标与鳞茎生物量呈负相关；在坐果期，除根外，其他形态指标与鳞茎生物量间全为显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）正相关。鳞茎折干率随采收期的延长呈上升趋势，于休眠期达最高。水溶性浸出物在生长前期含量最高，后期含量呈先降后升的趋势，且果实成熟期含量最低。多糖含量则呈W型变化，于果实成熟期含量最低，休眠期含量最高。综合考虑，兼顾光慈姑药材产量和品质，老鸦瓣应在枯萎期或休眠期初期采收为佳。
　　[关键词]老鸦瓣；采收期；生物量；折干率；水溶性浸出物；多糖含量
　　[Abstract]The optimum harvest time of Tulipa edulis was explored based on biomass accumulation and medicinal quality evaluation. Samples were taken from bud stage （Feb 13^th） to dormancy stage （May 14^th） and the growth indexes， organs biomasses， drying rate， contents of water-soluble extract and polysaccharides were determined. The results showed that biomass distribution of T. edulis varied with growth center and the bulb gained maximum biomass allocation in the whole growth period. The total biomass accumulation and bulb biomass accumulation increased in the whole growth period and peaked in fructescence stage. No differences were observed in bulb biomass among fructescence stage， withering stage and dormancy stage. The correlation between bulb biomass allocation and other morphological indexes varied with the harvest time. Bulb dry weight biomass had negative correlation with some morphological indexes of aerial part of T. edulis at bud stage， flower stage and fructescence and had significant positive （P<0.05） or extremely significant positive correlation（P<0.01）with other morphological indexes except for root at bearing fruits stage. The drying rate of bulb of T. edulis increased with the extension of harvest time and peaked in dormancy stage. The water-soluble extract of T. edulis bulb was the highest in pre-growing-stage. The tendency of polysaccharides contents showed a W-shape variation during the harvesting period. The polysaccharides content was the lowest in fructescence stage and was the highest in dormancy stage. Considering the yield and medicinal quality of T. edulis bulb， the optimum harvest time of T. edulis is in the withering stage or early stage of dormancy.
　　[Key words]Tulipa edulis； harvest periods； biomass； dry rate； water-soluble extract； polysaccharides content
　　老鸦瓣Tulipa edulis （Miq.） Baker为百合科郁金香属多年生草本植物^[1]。中药材光慈姑为其去掉膜质皮和绒毛后的干燥鳞茎，具有解毒散结、行血化瘀之功效，多用于治疗痢疾、小儿痰厥，痛风等，外治疔疮疖肿、咽喉肿痛、蛇虫狂犬伤等^[2]。目前也是治疗多种肿瘤的常用药，如咽喉癌、淋巴瘤、乳腺癌等^[3-4]。

相关热词搜索：生物量 老鸦 药材 积累 品质