海拔高度对茶园环境及茶叶品质的影响

　　摘要 [目的]研究不同海拔高度對山地茶园环境和茶叶内含成分的影响。[方法]对黄山市徽州区不同海拔高度的茶园生态环境和茶叶生化品质（包括氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚、酚氨比、茶水浸出物、叶绿素） 进行研究。[结果]茶园小气候因子和茶叶品质性状在不同海拔高度的变异存在很大差异。海拔每增加100 m，年均气温下降0.65 ℃，降水量增加36.3 mm，相对湿度增加3.85%。茶园日光照强度曲线呈一个开口向下的抛物线变化趋势，峰值出现在12：00。通过对茶叶产量及其构成要素的分析表明，随着海拔的上升，芽叶密度呈明显的下降趋势；产量最高值在海拔400 m的茶园。随着海拔的增加，氨基酸和咖啡碱含量均增加，茶多酚和水浸出物含量均是海拔600 m的茶园最高，酚氨比与海拔呈明显负相关。叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量随海拔增加呈先上升后先下降的变化规律，在海拔达到400 m时，茶树叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量最高分别为6.32和2.68 mg/g；而叶绿素a/b值随着海拔增加呈下降趋势，且下降速率随着海拔增加而逐渐减缓。[结论]该研究可为建立复合生态茶园优化管理技术体系提供科学依据。
　　关键词 海拔高度； 茶园； 生态环境； 茶叶品质
　　中图分类号 S571 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）20-06573-03
　　Effects of Different Elevations of Tea Gardens on Environment and Tea Quality
　　FANG Hongsheng et al
　　（Hongtong Tea Company， Huizhou District， Huangshan City， Huizhou， Anhui 245900）
　　Abstract [Objective] The aim was to study the effects of different elevations on tea gardens environment of mountain area and inner components of tea leaves. [Method] The ecological environment factors of tea gardens tea biochemical indicators （including amino acid， caffeine， tea polyphenol， water extract and chlorophyll） of different elevations of Huizhou District， Huangshan City were studied. [Result ]It was shown that microclimatic factors and tea quality had remarkable difference in variation at different elevations of tea garden. The altitude every increased 100 m and the average annual temperature dropped 0.65 ℃， the precipitation increased 36. 3 mm， the relative humidity increased 3.85%. Tea garden light intensity curve was a parabola with downward opening change trend， peak value appeared at 12：00. Through the analysis of the tea yield and its components， with the rise of elevation， bud and leaf density decreased； the highest yield appeared at the tea garden of elevation 400 m. With the elevation increasing， amino acids and caffeine content both increased， the content of polyphenols and water extracts were the highest at the tea garden of elevation 600 m， while the ratio of TP and FAA was significantly negative correlation with elevation. The contents of chlorophyll a， chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in leaves showed the change law of firstly rising and then decreasing with elevation raising， and when the elevation up to 400 m， the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were the highest by 6.32， 2.68 mg/g respectively； while the chlorophyll a/b value decreased with the elevation increasing， and the speed of declining slowed gradually. [Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for establishing the compound ecological tea garden management technology system.

相关热词搜索：茶园 茶叶 品质 海拔高度 环境