云南烤烟钾含量特征及其与致香物质的关系

发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 散文精选 点击:

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  摘要:为研究云南烤烟钾含量与致香物质含量的关系,在云南省主要烟区采集烟叶样品204个,对烟叶钾含量和主要致香物质进行了分析测定,采用简单相关分析、灰色关联分析和回归分析等方法研究了云南烤烟钾含量特征及其与主要致香物质含量之间的关系。结果表明,云南烟区烤烟钾含量平均为1.96%,有52.45%的烟叶钾含量偏低,且变幅较大(0.70%~3.24%),在市(州)间、海拔分组间和土壤pH分组间均存在显著差异;云南烤烟致香物质含量变幅较大,最高值为最低值的3.41~10.50倍,6类致香物质含量均与烤烟钾含量呈极显著正相关,灰色关联系数大小顺序为:酮类>醛类>醇类>氮杂环类>酚类>酯类,钾含量与各致香物质含量均符合线性方程,且回归方程达极显著水平,即随钾含量增加,烤烟各类致香物质含量呈直线增加趋势,钾含量最低的分组(钾含量为0.97%)比钾含量最高的分组(钾含量为2.96%)致香物质总量低71.89 μg/g(30.77%)。钾素营养是影响云南烤烟致香物质含量的重要因素之一。
  关键词:钾含量;致香物质;烤烟;关系
  中图分类号:S572.06文章编号:1007-5119(2015)06-0049-07DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.06.009
  Relationship between Potassium Content and Aroma Componentsof Flue-cured Tobacco in Yunnan
  LI Qiang1, ZHOU Jiheng1, CHENG Changxin2,LIU Xiaoying1, YANG Yingming2, ZHANG Yiyang1
  (1.Tobacco Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; 2. Hongyun Honghe Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China)
  Abstract:204 flue-cured tobacco samples were collected in YunnanProvince. The relationship between potassium content and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed using correlation analysis, gray correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results indicated that, the mean potassium content was 1.96% with a variation between 0.70%-3.24%, with 52.45% of the samples having low potassium content. Significant difference in potassium content of flue cured tobacco was observed between elevation groups and soil pH groups. The variationin flue-cured tobacco aroma components was huge in Yunnan (3.41-10.50 times), and the aroma components were highly significantly correlated with potassium content, with the order of grey incidence coefficientsbeing: ketones>aldehydes>alcohols>nitrogen heterocyclic>phenols>esters.Potassium content and all the aroma component conformed to linear equations with at the extremely significant level, that is, with the increase of flue cured tobacco potassium content, a linear increase of aroma components was observed. Aroma components of the lowest potassium content group (potassium content is 0.97%) was 71.89 μg/g (30.77%)less than that of the highest potassium content group (potassium content is 2.96%). Potassium nutrition is an important factor that affects the aroma components in Yunnan flue-cured tobacco.
  Keywords: potassium content; aroma components; flue-cured tobacco; relationship
  钾是烤烟吸收量最多的矿质元素,一般是氮素的1.4倍,磷素的3.5倍[1],是烟株体内多种酶的激活剂,能够促进烟株的碳水化合物代谢、氮代谢、脂肪代谢、蛋白质代谢,调节气孔开放,维持细胞膨压,促进物质运输和机械组织发育,提高烟株抗逆性[2]。钾还是烤烟重要品质指标之一,在《中国烟草种植区划》中钾含量和钾氯比在烤烟化学成分评价指标体系中的累计权重达0.17[3]。有关烟叶钾含量与烟叶品质关系的研究报道较多,烟叶中较高的钾含量可以显著改善烟叶的燃烧性,增加阴燃时间,降低燃烧温度,改善烟叶的香吃味[2]。烟叶中致香物质含量是衡量烟叶品质的重要因素之一,其含量及构成比例直接影响着烟叶和烟气的香味状况和风格特色[4]。有关烟叶致香物质含量的影响因素较多,包括烤烟品种、肥料种类及用量、干旱胁迫、成熟度、海拔高度、烘烤过程等[5]。近年来,钾素营养与烟叶致香物质的关系受到关注,如改变钾肥种类及提高钾肥施用量等均可明显提高烟叶中的香气物质含量[6-7];在钾肥总量不变的条件下,增加追肥比例可显著增加烟叶致香物质含量[8-9]。一般认为这是因为钾可以通过影响烟株体内的多种物质代谢从而影响烃类、醇类、脂类和酯类等烟叶致香物质的形成[10]。云南烤烟钾含量平均在1.9%左右,在全国主要烟区属中等水平,但变幅极大0.73%~4.03%[11]。相对较低的钾含量和较大的变幅对烤烟致香物质含量影响如何,未见文献报道。鉴于此,本文通过取样测试烤烟钾含量和致香物质含量,分析云南烤烟钾含量特征及其与致香物质含量的关系,期望为云南优质烟叶生产,特别是为云南烟叶增钾提香提供科学参考。

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