土壤质地与烤烟化学成分关系分析

发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 散文精选 点击:


  摘 要:为了探明不同土壤质地对烟叶化学成分的影响,为优质烟叶的生产提供理论依据,以云烟87为试验材料,对紫色土、黄壤土、黄棕壤土和石灰土4中不同类型土壤的理化性质与烤后烟叶化学成分的差异进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同土壤的耕层厚度、速效氮、速效磷及速效钾差异显著,紫色与黄棕壤土两者烤后样的碳和氮化合物及氯含量差异不显著,与石灰土、黄壤土差异显著。典型相关分析表明,烟叶化学成分与黄壤土土壤耕层质地、黄棕壤土的土壤耕层质地和有机质及速效钾、石灰土的土壤有机质及速效氮、紫色土的pH值及速效氮关系密切。
  关键词:烤烟;土壤质地;化学成分;典型相关分析
  中图分类号:S572.01 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2017)08-0015-05
  Abstract:This study was to test the influence of different soils and their textures on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, and to provide experimental data for the production of quality tobacco, by correlation analysis on the physical and chemical properties of 4 different soils and the difference of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco, with Yunyan 87 as the tested variety. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the topsoil thickness, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of the different soils, but no significant difference in the contents of carbon and nitrogen and chlorine in baked samples of the purple soil and yellowish-brown soil which were significantly different from lime soil and yellow soil. The chemical composition of tobacco leaves was closely correlated with the topsoil texture of yellow soil, the topsoil texture, organic content and available potassium of yellowish-brown soil, the organic content and available nitrogen of limestone soil, and the available nitrogen and pH of purple soil. The soil texture, organic matter, available nitrogen, potassium and pH had great effect on the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco.
  Key words:flue-cured tobacco; soil texture; chemical composition; canonical correlation analysis
  土壤是一切植物營养生长的基本点,同时还是生态系统中物质与能量交换的重要场所。优质烟生产需要良好的土壤环境和质量作基础[1]。在烟叶生产过程中,土壤为烟叶提供所需的营养物质,影响烟叶化学成分的积累与转化[2-3]。因此,研究土壤的理化性质对烟叶质量的影响,对于烟叶质量风格的彰显以及经济效益的提升有着重要作用[4]。土壤的种类及土壤的理化性质与烤烟的产质量、化学成分、抽吸品质及烟叶的工业可用性密切相关 [5-6]。土壤肥力质量好,保证了烤烟生长所需的水分、肥料、气体和热量的供应;而土壤结构良好,才能满足水、肥、气、热的需要[7];土壤结构和肥力影响到烤烟根系生长、保水排水能力、土壤耕性、养分协调供应等方面。研究表明,烟叶总糖含量与土壤有机质含量显著相关[8];烟叶总氮、烟碱和蛋白质的含量受到土壤中含氮物质及相应酶的影响[9];砂壤土种植的烟叶烘烤后烟叶色素降解充分、化学成分协调,品质优于砂土和胶泥土的烟叶[10];土壤对烟叶化学成分含量占主导作用,气候对烟叶钾氯比影响较大[11]。目前,关于不同类型土壤对烟叶质量影响的研究鲜见报道。为此,笔者研究了不同类型植烟土壤理化性质对烤后烟叶化学成分的影响,为解决毕节地区烟叶生产中肥料施用不当、产质量不足的问题提供依据。
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 试验材料
  试验于2006~2009年在毕节烟区同一海拔高度地区开展,供试土壤分别为紫色土、黄壤土、黄棕壤土和石灰土;供试品种为云烟87,种植行距120 cm,株距50 cm。烟叶长势均匀,无病虫害发生,田间管理按优质烤烟栽培生产技术规范进行。以中部烟叶(第7~11位叶)为试验材料,成熟采收后将叶片放置在烤房的相同层位进行烘烤。试验采用5点取样法采集土样,检测其耕层厚度、耕层质地、pH值以及有机质、速效磷、速效氮和速效钾的含量。并选取采样点烤后C3F烟叶5 kg为样品,进行化学成分分析。

相关热词搜索:烤烟 质地 土壤 化学成分 关系

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