郴州烤烟K326品种烘烤特性探究

　　摘    要：烤煙的烘烤特性是指烟叶在农艺过程中获得的与烘烤技术和效果紧密相关的固有素质特性，因品种而异。试验以烤烟K326品种为供试材料，采用暗箱和电热式烤箱研究郴州产区烤烟K326品种的烘烤特性，分析其变黄、变褐特性，失水特性，叶绿素降解特性及主要化学成分变化规律。结果表明：暗箱条件下，下部叶变黄快，易烤性较好，变黄后变褐时间短，耐烤性较差;上部叶则与下部叶表现完全相反，易烤性较差而耐烤性较好;中部叶的易烤性和耐烤性介于上部叶和下部叶之间。烟叶在烘烤过程中，失水规律表现为“慢-快-慢”的变化趋势;叶绿素降解呈先快后慢的规律;主要化学成分中总糖、还原糖含量表现为增加趋势，总氮、烟碱含量变化不明显，淀粉含量呈降低趋势。在不同烘烤阶段不同部位烟叶各项指标的变化速率和幅度均存在明显的差异，需依据各部位烟叶烘烤特性制定科学的烘烤工艺，充分发挥烟叶潜力，提升K326品种的种植效益。
　　关键词：烤烟;K326：烘烤特性;湖南郴州
　　中图分类号：S572          文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.02.005
　　Abstract： The curing characteristics of flue-cured tobacco refer to the inherent quality characteristics of tobacco obtained in the agricultural process， which are closely related to the curing technology and effect， and vary according to the variety. Tobacco leaves from different leaf positions of K326 were used as test materials. Study on flue-curing characteristics of K326 in Chenzhou area using black box and electric oven system. The characteristics of yellowing and browning， dehydration， chlorophyll degradation and changes of main chemical components were analyzed. The results showed that under dark condition， the lower leaves performed rapid yellowing and good easy curing potential， but the time which was from complete yellowing to come into browning was shorter， indicating that the lower leaves had bad endurable curing potential. The flue-curing characteristics of the upper leaves showed the opposite trend with the lower leaves. And the flue-curing characteristics of the middle leaves were between the upper leaves and the lower leaves. During the curing process， the law of water loss of tobacco leaves was showing a trend of "slow-fast-slow". Chlorophyll degradation was showing a trend of fast first and then slowdown. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in the main chemical components showed an increasing trend， the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine showed no significant change， while the starch content showed a decreasing trend. There were obvious differences in the speed and range of the indicators in different baking stages and different position leaves. The scientific flue-curing technology should be worked out according to the flue-curing characteristics of different parts of tobacco leaves in order to give full play to the potential of tobacco leaves and enhance the planting benefit of K326 varieties.
　　Key words： flue-cured tobacco; K326; flue-curing characteristics; Chenzhou city of Hunan province

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