不同富钾土壤调理剂对植烟土壤供钾特性和烟叶品质的影响

　　摘要：为探究在中耕培土期追施富钾土壤调理剂对烤烟生产的影响，利用矿物钾肥（水热法）、木本泥炭基腐植酸钾、矿物钾肥（煅烧法）部分替代追肥中的KNO3或K2SO4，研究其对烤烟根区土壤pH、钾含量及烤烟不定根生物量和烟叶品质的影响。结果表明，在中耕培土期追施富钾土壤调理剂能显著提高采烤结束时烟株根区土壤pH，促进烟株不定根发育及地上部分生物量的增加，效果为矿物钾肥（水热法）>木本泥炭基腐植酸钾>矿物钾肥（煅烧法）。追施矿物钾肥（水热法）及木本泥炭基腐植酸钾能显著提高耕层土壤速效钾（0～15 cm土层）、缓效钾（15～30 cm土层）及中下部烟叶中的钾含量，其0～15 cm土层速效钾含量分别高于对照13.55%、12.10%，15～30 cm土层缓效钾含量分别高于对照19.73%、18.90%，中下部烟叶钾含量分别高于对照21.58%、15.68%。追施矿物钾肥（水热法），中、下部烟叶烟碱含量较对照分别降低21.47%、17.02%。在酸化植烟土壤上，中耕培土期间追施矿物钾肥（水热法）及木本泥炭基腐植酸钾后能改善土壤供钾能力，改良土壤酸化，提高烤烟不定根生物量及烟叶品質。
　　关键词：中耕培土；富钾土壤调理剂；不定根；化学品质；钾素
　　中图分类号：S572.01文章编号：1007-5119（2017）04-0064-06DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.04.010
　　Abstract： The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the potassium-rich soil conditioners on the topdressing during cultivation hilling of flue-cured tobacco production. In this study mineral potash （hydrothermal method），mineral potash （calcination method） and wood peat derived potassium humate were used to replace part of KNO3 or K2SO4 on the topdressing.Their effects on the contents of pH，K in flue-cured tobacco root zone and the adventitious root， biomass and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that soil pH of tobacco root zone， adventitious roots and aboveground biomass of tobacco plants were significantly improved after topdressing the type of potassium rich soil conditioners during cultivation hilling.The effect was mineral potash （hydrothermal method）>wood peat derived potassium humate>mineral potash （calcination method）.Topdressing mineral potash （hydrothermal method），wood peat derived potassium humate could significantly improve the available K，slow-release K content of soil and potassium contents of the middle，lower leaves’. Compared with the control，the content of available K was increased by 13.55% and 12.10% at 0-15 cm soil horizon，the content of slow-release K was increased by 19.73% and 18.90% at 15-30 cm soil horizon，the content of potassium in the middle with lower leaves was increased by 21.58% and 15.68%，and the nicotine content in the middle and lower leaves of mineral potash （hydrothermal method） was decreased by 21.47% and 17.02%.The conclusion is that topdressing mineral potash （hydrothermal method），wood peat derived potassium humate before cultivation hilling can improve the ability of tobacco soil in maintaining potassium， improve soil acidification， increase tobacco adventitious root and biomass， and improve the quality of tobacco.
　　Keywords： cultivation hilling；potassium-rich soil conditioner；adventitious root；chemical quality； potassium

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