有机无机复混肥及施氮量对烤烟K326生长发育及产质量的影响

　　摘 要：为发挥有机无机复混肥的优势，筛选出烤烟K326品种适宜的氮肥用量，提高烟叶产量和品质，该研究设置3个氮肥施用量的试验处理，每个处理选出长势均匀一致的烟株5株，分别在移栽后35d、60d、75d、90d及封顶后7d分别测定农艺性状，及测定烤后烟叶的产量、经济效益、品质。结果表明：与其它处理相比，T2处理（氮肥用量105kg/hm2）表现最好，特别是移栽后75d，优势开始凸显，烟株营养均衡，长势长相较好，能够正常成熟，烟叶上等烟比例比T1、T3处理分别高4.06%、1，69%，产量分别高234.73kg/hm2、3.88kg/hm2，产值分别高6 254.17元/hm2、975.98元/hm2，烟叶内在化学成分协调，感官评吸质量较高，从而实现了提高烟叶质量和烟农收益的目的。因此，烤烟K326氮肥用量在105kg/hm2时产质量表现最好。
　　关键词：烤烟；有机无机复混肥；氮肥用量；生长；产量；品质
　　中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2016）20-0032-04
　　Effect of Organic-inorganic Compound and Different Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Development Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Variety K326
　　Zhang Lumin et al.
　　（Honghe Tobacco Company of Yunnan Tobacco Corporation，Mile 652300，China）
　　Abstract：Using the advantages of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer，selecting the suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco K326 screened，and improving the quality the yield of tobacco. The experiment was carried out on three soils with moderate nitrogen fertilizers. Five treatments were selected，which were 35，60，75，90 days after transplanting. Agronomic traits were measured 7 days after capping，and measuring the yield，economic benefit and quality of tobacco after baking. The outcome shown that：T2 treatment（105kg/hm2 nitrogen application）showed the best performance compared with other treatments，especially 75 days after transplanting. Advantages began to highlight，tobacco nutrition balanced，growing looks better and normal maturity. The yield of tobacco leaves was higher than that of T1 and T3，which were 4.06% and 1.69% higher than those of T1 and T3，respectively. The yield was 234.73kg/hm2 and 3.88kgkg/hm2，respectively，the output value was 6254.17 Yuan/hm2 and 975.98 Yuan/hm2. The chemical composition of the tobacco leaves is coordinated and the quality of the sensory evaluation is high，so the quality of the tobacco leaf and the income of the farmers are realized. Therefore，the yield of flue-cured tobacco K326 at 105 kg/hm2 was the best.
　　Key words：Flue-cured；Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer；Nutrient absorption；Growth； Yield；Quality
　　有机无机复混肥既含有有机成分也含有无机成分，消除了有机肥和无机肥的弱点，将有机肥和无机肥各自的优点集中于一个载体。不少研究表明：有机无机复混肥具有养分供应平衡，肥料利用率高；改善土壤理化和生物性状，活化土壤养分的优势[1]。不仅可以有利于烤烟的生长发育，也可以提高烟叶的产量和品质[2-7]。本试验通过复合肥和有机无机复混肥3种不同施用量配比对烟叶产量和品质进行小区试验，为筛选出红河州烤烟K326大田生产最佳的氮肥用量，提高烟叶产量提供依据。
　　1 材料与方法
　　1.1 试验品种 供试烤烟品种为K326，烟苗为漂浮育苗。
　　1.2 试验地基本情况 试验于2016年云南省红河州弥勒市西三镇戈西村进行，试验地海拔1 646.5m，经度E103.44115335°，纬度N24.534167°，光照充足，降雨充沛（季节性较强，烤烟大田期前期少，后期多），月均降雨量达126mm以上；月均温17.3℃，最高温度22℃，最低温度15℃。供试土壤为红壤，地势平坦，冬闲地。试验地pH值5.91，有机质30.71g/kg，纯氮1.57g/kg，水解性氮139.72mg/kg，速效钾148.58mg/kg，有效磷14.98mg/kg。

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