不同播期与移栽方式对烤烟生长发育与品质的影响

　　摘要 [目的]为探索不同播期与移栽方式对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响。[方法]设置不同播期与移栽方式，分析了烟株的农艺性状及经济指标，并通过赋值法探究烤后烟叶化学品质协调性及烟叶外观质量。[结果]随着播期的推迟，烟株的大田生育期缩短，中山试验区11月25日及永平11月30日播期的膜下移栽组合处理成熟期农艺性状、干物质积累量、经济性状及外观质量最优。烟叶化学品质受播期及移栽方式的影响，随着移栽期的推迟，总糖和还原糖呈先上升后下降的趋势，淀粉含量、总氮含量和烟碱含量逐渐下降，而钾含量和氯含量则增加；膜下移栽处理提高了总糖和还原糖含量，降低了烟叶淀粉含量。[结论]中山试验区11月25日播期及永平11月30日播期的膜下移栽处理下烤烟化学成分协调性及外观质量指数综合评分较高，烟叶品质较好。
　　关键词 烤烟；播期；移栽方式；生长发育；品质
　　中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2018）20-0023-06
　　Abstract [Objective] To explore different sowing dates and transplanting methods on the effects of fluecured tobacco growth and quality. [Method] Different sowing dates and transplanting modes were designed. The agronomic traits and economic indicators of tobacco plant were analyzed. And the coordination chemistry quality and appearance quality of fluecured tobacco were explored by the assignment method. [Result]With the delaying of sowing date， the growth period in the field of tobacco were shorter. The agronomic traits， the accumulation of dry matter and the economic characters as well as the appearance quality optimal of fluecured tobacco were best under the experimental condition of sowing on November 25 under plastic film mulching in Zhongshan and sowing on November 30 under plastic film mulching in Yongping. The chemical quality of fluecured tobacco was affected by sowing date and transplanting mode. As the transplanting period delayed， total sugar and reducing sugar firstly enhanced and then reduced. Starch content， total nitrogen and nicotine content decreased gradually， but the content of potassium and chlorine content increased. The treatment of under plastic film mulching increased the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar， and decreased the content of starch. [Conclusion]The chemical components harmony index and appearance quality indexes were higher under the treatments of sowing on November 25 under plastic film mulching in Zhongshan and sowing on November 30 under plastic film mulching in Yongping.
　　Key words Fluecured tobacco；Sowing date；Transplanting method；Growth and development；Quality
　　播期和移栽方式是烤烟种植过程中重要的栽培措施，其实质就是通过播期与移栽方式的改变以达到改变烟株前期的生长環境，影响烤烟大田生育进程、干物质积累及生理代谢，以达到提高烟叶产量、改善烤后烟叶外观质量和化学品质[1-4]。南方烟区由于气候影响，在植烤烟生长前期低温寡照，后期高温多雨，高温高湿容易造成病害发生，对烟株前期的生长发育、后期的成熟落黄、烟株外观质量及内在化学品质均有不良影响。为此，我国烟叶研究者研究了大量通过栽培措施改善烟株前期生长环境、减轻前期低温危害的影响[5-10]。目前行业内研究主要集中在单一的播期或移栽方式对烤烟生长发育与产质量的影响，关于结合播期和移栽方式对烤烟生长发育与产质量的研究则比较少见。福建武平
　　作
　　为我国优质的烟叶产区，在烤烟种植过程中同样存在前期低温寡照，后期高温多雨的问题。鉴于此，笔者结合福建武平烟区海拔高度相差较大，气候差别较大的环境特征，选取南部烟区代表的中山镇和北部烟区代表永平镇作为试验地点，通过分析不同播期与移栽方式对烤烟生育进程、经济性状、化学及外观品质的影响，来明确适宜福建武平产区的播期和移栽方式。

相关热词搜索：移栽 烤烟 生长发育 品质 方式