移栽期和采收期对豫中烤烟上六片叶发育期温度指标的影响

　　摘  要：為研究不同移栽期和采收期对豫中烟区上六片烟叶生育期温度因子的影响，确定适宜移栽期和采收期，以中烟100为材料，设置不同移栽期和采收期处理，使气候因子在烤烟上六片叶生育期重新配置。随着移栽期的后移，上六片叶生长期、成熟期及全生育期>0 ℃积温、>10 ℃积温、气温日较差、>20 ℃天数、最高温>30 ℃天数整体均呈逐渐降低趋势，上六片烟叶生长期的均温、>20 ℃积温都以4月25日移栽的处理相对较高;在上六片烟叶成熟期，移栽期于5月5日前对应不同采收期的均温都在25 ℃以上，而5月15日移栽在采收期延迟12 d时均温最低，为24.6 ℃。采收期推迟，均温逐渐降低，气温日较差、最高温>30 ℃天数变化不明显，各积温指标表现为升高趋势，以延迟12 d达到最高，其中成熟期>20 ℃有效积温在不同采收期的变化范围为187.88～313.3 ℃，5月5日前移栽延迟6～12 d，>20 ℃有效积温均可达到240 ℃以上，变化范围为242.48～313.3 ℃。在上六片烟叶生长过程中，均温、气温日较差、最高温>30 ℃天数受移栽期的影响大于采收期，积温、>20 ℃天数则与采收期关系密切，在5月5日之前移栽条件下，延迟采收时均温下降不明显，但积温不断增加。
　　关键词：移栽期;采收期;上六片叶;温度
　　中图分类号：S572.01          文章编号：1007-5119（2019）01-0049-09      DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2019.01.007
　　Abstract： In order to study the effects of different transplanting and harvesting time on the temperature factors for the development of the upper six leaves in the central tobacco-growing area of Yuzhong， a field experiment with different transplanting and harvesting dates was designed using the tobacco variety Zhongyan100. The aim of this study is to make the climatic factors such as light， temperature and water reconfigured during the growth period of upper six flue-cured tobacco leaves and to provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the temperature index of the upper six slices formed in Yuzhong and determine the appropriate transplanting and harvesting time. The results showed that： with the shift of transplanting time， during the upper six leaf growth period，  the last six leaf mature period， and the whole growth period， >0 ℃ accumulated temperature， >10 ℃ accumulated temperature， daily temperature range， >20 ℃ days， the highest temperature>30 ℃ days showed a gradual decrease trend. The average temperature of the upper six leaf growing season and the accumulated temperature of >20 ℃ were all relatively higher with the April 25 transplanting treatment. The daily temperature range gradually increased during the last six leaf mature period and the harvest time was postponed. The average temperature gradually decreased. Diurnal temperature difference， the maximum temperature> 30 ℃ days did not change significantly. The other meteorological factors as a whole showed an increasing trend. In the process of the growth of the top six leaves， the average temperature， daily temperature range， and the maximum temperature were effected by the transplanting time greater than the harvesting time， and the accumulated temperature， >20 ℃ days was closely related to the harvesting time.

相关热词搜索：移栽 发育期 烤烟 温度 指标