废弃鲜烟叶产气后沼渣的不同用量对烤烟产质量的影响

发布时间:2019-08-24 来源: 感悟爱情 点击:


  摘 要:为实现烤烟废弃鲜叶的最大化利用,研究了以废弃鲜叶发酵产物——沼渣作有机肥对烤烟农艺性状、抗病性、烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:施用沼渣对烤烟田间主要病害无诱发作用,也不影响烤烟产量,但能明显促进烟叶干物质的积累,提高烤后烟叶经济性状,改善烤后烟叶内在化学成分含量比例,提升感官评吸质量;在一定用量范围内随着沼渣施用量的增加,烤烟田间农艺性状、经济性状、内在化学成分、评吸质量等指标也随之加强;尤其是沼渣施用量为150 kg/667m2的处理,各项指标均表现最优,产值比对照高383.8元/kg。
  关键词:烤烟;废弃鲜叶;发酵;沼渣;产量;质量
  中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2014)20-0033-04
  Influence of Different Application Amount of Biogas Residue from Discarded Fresh Tobacco Leaves on Yield and Quality of Tobacco
  LI Ya-chun1,ZHU Hong-gen1,SHI Wen-qiang1,PENG Tao-jun2,HU Rong-hua1
  (1. Ji-an Tobacco Company, Jiangxi Tobacco Corporation, Jian 343009, PRC; 2. Anfu Branch, Ji-an Tobacco Company, Anfu 343200, PRC)
  Abstract:In order to maximize the use of discarded tobacco fresh leaves, a test was carried out to studied the influence of biogas residue, fermentation product from discarded fresh leaf, on the agronomic trait, disease-resistance and the yield-quality of tobacco. The results showed that biogas residue application induced no main disease in the flue-cured tobacco field and had no effect on the yield. However, it significantly promoted the accumulation of tobacco dry matter, enhanced the economic characters of tobacco, improved the proportion of tobacco chemical component, and raise sensory-smoking quality. In addition , with the increasing the amount of biogas residue in a certain extent, the index such as the agronomic traits, economic characters, internal chemical component and the sensory-smoking quality were improved. And especially the application amount of 150 kg/667m2, all the index had good expression and there was 383.8 yuan per kilogram higher than contrast in output value.
  Key words:tobacco; discarded fresh tobacco leaf; fermentation; biogas residue; yield; quality
  投稿日期:2014-09-04
  基金项目:江西省烟草公司科技项目(201201005)
  作者简介:李亚纯(1989-),男,河南兰考县人,助理农艺师,主要从事烟草栽培技术研究。
  通讯作者:朱红根
  烤烟废弃鲜叶主要指烤烟生产过程中产生的奶脚叶和需要田间处理掉的发育不良、结构僵硬、工业可用性低的鲜烟叶。烤烟废弃鲜叶再利用率低[1],且含有大量的生物碱(其中92%~95%为烟碱)[2],降解比较困难,处理不当容易造成病害传播和环境污染。为探索烤烟废弃鲜叶的循环利用新途径,吉安市烟草公司开展了以烤烟废弃鲜叶作为沼气发酵原料的相关研究,结果表明,烤烟废弃鲜叶可以作为沼气发酵原料生产沼气,在自然条件下,产气周期在170 d以上、原料产气效率在0.3 m3/kg以上[3]。另有研究表明,沼肥(沼气池厌氧发酵的产物)可以在烤烟生产上应用[4],施用适量的沼肥可促进烟株生长发育、提高烟叶产量和品质[5-6]。为实现烤烟废弃鲜叶的最大化利用,吉安市烟草公司进一步开展了利用废弃鲜叶发酵沼渣作有机肥对烤烟农艺性状、抗病性、烟叶产质量的影响,以期为废弃鲜叶发酵沼渣在烤烟生产上的应用提供依据。
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 试验材料
  试验于2014年3~7月在江西省安福县现代烟草农业科技园进行,供试烟田为水田,土壤质地为砂泥田,其基本理化性状为:土壤pH值为5.45,有机质23.28 g/kg,碱解氮128.71 mg/kg,有效磷33.78 mg/kg,有效钾72.13 mg/kg。

相关热词搜索:烤烟 烟叶 用量 废弃 质量

版权所有 蒲公英文摘 www.zhaoqt.net