生物炭对土壤养分及烟叶各时期化学成分的动态影响

发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 感悟爱情 点击:


  摘要[目的]探究生物炭施用量对土壤改良及烟叶发育的影响。[方法]以云烟87为试验材料,生物炭施用量设4个水平:CK(0)、T1(2 250 kg/hm2)、T2(4 500 kg/hm2)、T3(6 750 kg/hm2),研究不同稻稈生物炭施用量对土壤养分及烟叶的作用效果。[结果]生物炭在前期增加烟叶还原糖、总糖、淀粉含量而后期则降低其含量。对于总氮及氯的影响较小,尼古丁则呈降低态势。使烟叶化学成分更加协调,从而提高吸食品质。土壤生物炭能增加有机质含量,提高pH值,增加速效钾含量,减少速效磷含量,碱解氮则呈现先增加后减少。综合土壤养分与烟叶品质结果,施用生物炭4 500 kg/hm2处理组效果最佳。[结论]该研究可为生物炭的合理施用提供参考。
  关键词生物炭;土壤养分;烟叶成分;不同时期;动态影响
  中图分类号S572文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2017)21-0120-03
  Effects of Biochar on Soil Nutrients and Chemical Components of Tobacco Leaves
  LIANG Zhongzhe1, QI Shaowu1,2*, DAN Junhao1 et al
  ( 1.College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410000;2.Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410128)
  Abstract[Objective]In order to investigate the effects of biochar application on soil improvement and tobacco leaf development.[Method ]Taking Yunyan 87 as test material, the biochar was set at 4 levels: CK (0), T1 (2 250 kg/hm2), T2(4 500 kg/hm2), T3 (6 750 kg/hm2).The effects of different rice straw biochar on soil nutrients and tobacco leaves were studied. [Result] Biochar increased the content of reducing sugar, total sugar and starch in the early stage, but decreased the content of the latter. The effects of biochar on nicotine and total nitrogen were light, and nicotine decreased. The chemical composition of tobacco leaves was more coordinated and the smoking quality was improved. The soil biochar could increase the content of organic matter, increase the pH value, increase the content of available potassium and reduce the content of available phosphorus. available nitrogen increased firstly and then decreased. The results of integrated soil nutrient and tobacco leaf quality were the best when application quantity of biochar was 4 500 kg/hm2.[Conclusion] The research can provide reference for situable application of biochar.
  Key wordsBiochar;Soil nutrient;Tobacco composition;Different periods;Dynamic influence
  烟草由于长年连作,连续施用化肥,造成土壤板结,氮炭比增大,元素利用率低下,烟株发育不良,烟田病害多发,烟叶质量下降[1]。因此,提升烟叶产品质量是急需解决的难题。目前生物炭作为含碳量丰富的物质[2],其能为土壤补充有机碳,增加氮素固持,同时还能改良土壤理化性质,提高作物对养分的吸收能力[3-6]。生物炭可提高作物养分吸收能力,对作物生长发育有重要意义[7]。国内外研究发现,在种植玉米、水稻和小麦的过程中添加一定量的生物炭能够提升作物生长及其产量[8]。
  目前,对生物炭在烟草上的应用研究,主要集中在生物炭对土壤理化性质及生长发育等方面的影响[9],但在生物炭对烟叶化学品质及与土壤相关性方面尚缺乏研究。该研究采用盆栽试验,研究生物炭施用量对烟叶化学品质及土壤相关性的影响,以期为生物炭的合理施用提供理论依据。
  1材料与方法
  1.1试验材料
  试验在湖南农业大学试验田内进行,土壤类型为壤土,土壤肥力中等,土壤各类理化性质达标,符合作物生长要求。
  试验所用生物炭为秆在450 ℃高温厌氧条件下制备而成,其基本成分:pH 9.83,有机质700 g/kg,全氮7.5 g/kg,全磷1.3 g/kg,全钾17.1 g/kg,有效磷417 mg/kg,有效钾483 mg/kg。烟草品种为云烟87。

相关热词搜索:烟叶 养分 土壤 化学成分 时期

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