枯草芽孢杆菌有机肥对土壤条件及烤烟产质量的影响

发布时间:2019-08-22 来源: 人生感悟 点击:


  摘 要:为探明枯草芽孢杆菌有机肥在烤烟生产上的应用效果,通过小区试验,研究了不同施肥方法对植烟土壤养分、微生物种群数量和烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,在云南曲靖宣威地区配施枯草芽孢杆菌有机肥,与常规施肥方法相比,植烟土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾和全钾含量分别提高8.38%、12.59%、5.51%和10.59%,使土壤细菌、放线菌数量分别增加177.66%和118.18%,真菌数量降低121.43%;上等烟比例提高1.82%,均价提高2.51%,有利于提高下部、上部初烤烟叶钾离子含量和内在化学成分的协调性,并改善抽吸品质。
  关键词:枯草芽孢杆菌;有机肥;土壤条件;烤烟;产质量
  中图分类号:572 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2017)07-0055-04
  Effects of Bacillus subtilis Organic Fertilizer on Soil Conditions, Yield and Quality of
  Flue-cured Tobacco
  XU Hong-yu1,SUN Xing-quan2,ZHANG Qiang1,DENG Tao3,YAO Peng-cheng1,
  HUANG Fei-yan2,ZHU Tie-jun1,ZHANG Xian-ming3
  (1. Gansu Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730050, PRC; 2. Yunnan Reascend Tobacco Technology (Group) Co., Ltd.,
  Kunming 650106, PRC; 3 Qujing Tobacco Company Xuanwei Branch, Xuanwei 655400, PRC)
  Abstract:In order to investigate the application effects of bacillus subtilis organic fertilizer (BOF) on flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was carried out to study the influences between different application methods on soil fertility, microorganism quantity, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province. The results indicated that the contents of organic material, available P and K, total K in soil of combined application with BOF increased by 8.38%,12.59%,5.51% and 10.59% compared with conventional fertilization, respectively, the quantity of actinomycetes and bacteria increased by 177.66%,118.18%, furthermore, there is a drop of 121.43% on fungi. The ratio of high grade leaves and the average price of tobacco leaves increased by 1.82% and 2.51%.In addition, it was helpful to increase the potassium content, coordination of chemical composition and smoking quality of lower and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves.
  Key words:Bacillus subtilis; organic fertilizer; soil condition; flue-cured tobacco; yield and quality
  化學肥料虽具有养分含量高、肥效迅速的优点,但在烤烟上长期、大量单施,易造成烟田土壤板结、有机质含量下降、微量元素缺乏、微生物种群数量和活性降低,进而导致烟叶化学成分比例失调、香气量不足等[1-2]。土壤是影响烟叶质量的重要因素之一,适宜的土壤条件是特色优质烟叶生产的重要基础,而土壤肥力是衡量土壤条件的综合指标,其与土壤微生物种群数量及活性有着密切联系。根际土壤微生物是肥料转化与吸收的重要影响因子,微生物种群数量多、区系丰富,土壤生态系统平衡性好,更有利于烟株生长和烟叶品质特色的形成[3-5]。研究表明,施用有机肥可改善土壤环境,为烟株生长提供所需微量元素并促进养分吸收,能明显增加烟田土壤细菌和放线菌数量,提高上中等烟比例,增加产量产值,提高烟叶糖含量和钾离子含量,协调糖碱比和氮碱比,提高钾氯比[6]。生物有机肥是指特定功能的微生物与经无害化处理、腐熟的有机物料复合而成的一类兼具微生物活性和有机肥效应的肥料,具有提高土壤肥力、活化并促进养分吸收,产生多种活性物质和抗、抑病物质,刺激与调控作物生长,减少或降低病虫害发生等作
  用[7-9],使烟叶外观、内在化学成分和感官质量均有一定程度的改善,因此,其在烟草上的应用符合烟叶生产可持续发展的要求[10-12]。以枯草芽孢杆菌为特定功能菌,同样能够使生物有机肥产品具有提高土壤微生物种群数量、区系丰度指数和减少病害发生等作

相关热词搜索:芽孢 烤烟 枯草 杆菌 有机肥

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