不同钾源对土壤微生物和烤烟产质量的影响

　　摘    要：烟草是一种喜钾的经济作物，钾含量对其品质形成具有重要作用，试验设置硫酸钾（T2）、碳酸钾（T3）、黄腐酸钾（T4）和腐殖酸钾（T5） 4个钾肥处理，以不施钾肥（T1）为对照，对烟株圆顶期土壤微生物以及烟叶钾含量和烤后烟叶化学成分进行测定，并对其综合经济性状进行测算，探讨不同钾源在烟草上的施用效果。结果表明，与不施钾（T1）相比，施用硫酸钾（T2）可以显著增加土壤微生物总数、细菌和放线菌数量，其它钾源处理均在一定程度上降低了土壤微生物總数和细菌数量，施钾处理的真菌数量均显著降低;施钾处理烟叶化学成分较协调，综合经济性状均得以提升，其中以腐殖酸钾（T5）处理综合效果最好，本试验条件下可获得的烟叶产量和产值分别为3 645.00 kg·hm^-2，92 580.15 元·hm^-2，其次是碳酸钾（T3），其产量和产值分别为3 626.48 kg·hm^-2和91 789.05 元·hm^-2。结合投入成本，推荐施用腐殖酸钾（T5）作为烟草钾肥，可以较好地改善烟叶的品质并提高经济效益。
　　关键词：烤烟;钾源;微生物;产量;品质
　　中图分类号：S572，S143.3，Q939.96          文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.04.008
　　Effects of Different Potassium Sources on Soil Microbe and Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Quality
　　YU Qiong， SI Xianzong， ZHANG Xiang， LI Liang， MAO Jiawei， SUO Yanyan
　　（Institute of Plant Nutrition， Resource and Environment， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China）
　　Abstract： Tobacco is an important commercial crop which likes potassium. Potassium content plays an important role in the formation of its quality. The experiment was conducted with four potassium fertilizers， which included potassium sulfate （T2）， potassium carbonate （T3）， potassium fulvic acid （T4） and potassium humate （T5）， and the treatment without potassium fertilizer （T1） was as control. The soil micro-organisms， tobacco leaf potassium and chemical components content in the dome-period were measured， and the comprehensive economic characters were analyzed， to discuss the application effect of different potassium sources on tobacco. The results showed that， compared with the control （T1）， the potassium sulfate treatment （T2） significantly increased the total number of soil microorganisms， and also the number of bacteria and actinomycetes， while the other potassium treatments（T3～T5） reduced the total number of soil microorganisms and also the bacteria number， all the 4 potassium treatments significantly decreased the soil fungi number. The tobacco leaf chemical composition in the potassium treatments was more harmonious， and the economic characters were higher than that in the control， in which the potassium humic acid treatment（T5） was the best， and the second one was the potassium carbonate treatment（T3）， the yield and the output value in the experiment conditions were 3 645.00 kg·hm^-2 and 92 580.15 yuan·hm^-2， 3 626.48 kg·hm^-2 and 91 789.05 yuan·hm^-2， respectively. Combined with the cost of input， the application of potassium humic acid （T5） was recommended as potassium fertilizer which could improve the quality and economic benefits of tobacco leaves.

相关热词搜索：烤烟 微生物 土壤 质量 影响