晒黄烟调制期烟叶真菌多样性研究

发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 人生感悟 点击:

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  摘 要:为揭示晒黄烟调制过程中烟叶真菌的多样性,采用双平板纯培养分离和ITS序列系统发育分析的方法,对调制前期、中期和结束期烟叶样品中的真菌进行了分离和初步归类,将代表性菌株进行ITS序列测定和系统发育分析,研究了晒黄烟调制过程中纯培养真菌的群落结构组成和动态变化。结果显示,从晒黄烟调制期烟叶中共分离获得126株真菌,下部和上部烟叶分离的菌株数多于中部烟叶,调制中期分离的菌株数少于调制前期和调制结束期;这些菌株分布在2门、5纲、10目、14科和17属;93.65%的菌株属于Ascomycota门,Epicoccum、Arthrinium和Fusarium为优势属,分别占23.02%、13.49%和11.90%。研究表明,晒黄烟在调制期间,烟叶真菌类群多样性比较丰富,在不同烟叶部位的分布有所不同,并随着调制的进行而发生动态变化。
  关键词:晒黄烟;调制;真菌;多样性
  中图分类号:S435.72 文章编号:1007-5119(2017)06-0012-08 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.06.002
  Abstract: To reveal the fungal diversity of yellow sun-cured tobacco during curing, the composition and dynamics of fungal communities were analyzed by a combination of pure cultivation and molecular identification techniques. Cultivable fungi were isolated from the early, middle and late stages of curing. The representative strains were then phylogenetically analyzed based on ITS sequences. The results showed that a total of 126 fungal strains were isolated. The strains isolated from the middle leaves were relatively less compared with those from the bottom and upper leaves. In addition, the tobacco leaves seemed to contain more fungi at the early and late stages comparing to those at the middle stage of curing. The 126 fungal strains were distributed in 2 phyla, 5 classes, 10 orders, 14 families and 17 genera. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum, with 93.65% of the isolates belonging to this phylum, and Epicoccum, Arthrinium and Fusarium were the dominant genera, accounting for 23.02%, 13.49% and 11.90% of the isolates, respectively. It was found that the fungal diversity of yellow sun-cured tobacco leaves during curing was relatively abundant, and the fungal composition varied in different leaf positions and dynamically changed as the curing process proceeded.
  Keywords: yellow sun-cured tobacco; curing; fungi; diversity
  成熟的煙叶采收后,大量的微生物,包括细菌、真菌、酵母和放线菌等,仍然存在于烟叶的表面或组织内。在烟叶的调制过程中,这些微生物通过分解烟叶中的糖类和蛋白质等物质来获取自身生长所需的营养和能量,并将这些大分子物质分解为酚类、醇类、酯类等小分子物质,微生物的代谢活动
  对烟叶化学成分的组成和烟叶品质的形成都会产生重要的影响[1]。烟叶细菌的多样性及其对烟叶品质形成的影响研究报道较多[2-7]。真菌是烟叶微生物的另一大类群,数量仅次于细菌[6]。与细菌相比,目前对烟草真菌种群和结构的研究比较少,主要是采用纯培养方法对一些烤烟烟草内生真菌进行了分离鉴定[8-11]。烟草真菌具有有利和有害两个方面的作用,如防治烟草病虫害[8]、降低烟碱含量[12-14]、改善烟叶品质[15-17]、引起烟草病害[18]和烟叶腐烂变质等[19-21]。
  晒黄烟是我国特有的一种烟叶类型,几百年的栽培和种植使之形成了独特的烟叶品质,是我国发展具有独特香气风格和口味特征的中式卷烟的优质原料。本文采用纯培养分离和ITS序列系统发育分析方法,研究晒黄烟烟叶晾晒调制期真菌群落结构的组成和动态变化,为人工调控并改进晒黄烟烟叶调制方式,提升烟叶品质提供理论指导。
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 试验材料
  供试样品取自晒黄烟云晒1号调制过程中的烟叶,该品种种植于云南盈江弄璋晒黄烟基地。
  1.2 方法
  1.2.1 烟叶调制和取样 云晒1号烟叶的调制和取样方法参照倪红梅等[7]的方法,2013年3月至4月期间,依次收集下、中和上3个部位的新鲜烟叶(调制第1天)、调制中期烟叶(调制第7天)和调制结束烟叶(调制第13天)。

相关热词搜索:真菌 烟叶 多样性 调制 研究

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