传统中药材麦冬的DNA条形码鉴定

发布时间:2019-08-29 来源: 人生感悟 点击:

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  摘 要:该文分析了DNA条形码序列(ITS、psbA-trnH、matK、rbcL和trnL-F)对采自10个不同产区的麦冬进行PCR扩增及测序。结果表明,ITS序列变异位点为11 bp且较稳定。叶绿体序列的变异位点较低。本研究构建了ITS及联合叶绿体片段与ITS的系统发育树,4个叶绿体片段各自构建的系统发育树结果不理想,以ITS构建的系统发育树为主。广西桂林、贵州贵定与浙江余杭聚为一支;四川什都、四川珙县与广东肇庆聚为一支;云南麻栗坡与云南石林聚为一支;江西庐山与湖南桑植聚为另一分支,位于发育树基部;以上分支均得到G+C含量和遗传距离的支持,种内具有较近的亲缘关系。ITS序列具有稳定的变异位点和鉴定位点,能够准确的鉴定不同产地的麦冬,基于ITS构建的系统发育树能够较好的区分其亲缘关系。
  关键词:麦冬;ITS;叶绿体片段;遗传距离;亲缘关系
  中图分类号 S567 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2016)24-0017-05
  DNA Barcoding Technique to Identify Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Ophiopogon japonicas(L.f.)Ker-Gawl.
  Wang Guangyan
  (School of Life Sciences,the Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246011,China)
  Abstract:DNA barcoding sequences(ITS,psbA-trnH,matK,rbcL,and trnL-F)were used to study O.japonicus from 10 different regions by PCR technique. The results showed that sequence variable sites of ITS were 11 bp and stable.Variable sites of chloroplast were low.In this study,the ITS and ITS+chloroplast phylogenetic trees were constructed,the phylogenetic trees based on chloroplast fragments were poor.ITS phylogenetic tree was dominant.O.japonicas from Guilin in Guangxi,Guiding in Guangzhou and Yuhang in Zhejiang comprised one closely clade;from Shendu in Sichuan,Gongxian in Sichuan and Zhaoqing in Guangzhou formed a closer clade;from Malipo in Yunnan and Shilin in Yunnan grouped into one closely clade;and from Lushan in Jiangxi and Sangzhi in Hunan formed another closely clade.All above clades were supported by G+C contents and genetic distances,and had closely relationships. The ITS sequence had stable variable sites and informative sites,and could accurately indentify O.japonicas from 10 different regions. The ITS phylogenetic tree could provide reliable genetic relationships.
  Key words:Ophiopogon japonicas;Internal Transcribed Spacer;Chloroplast fragment;Genetic distance;Genetic relationship
  麦冬为天门冬科(Asparagaceae)沿阶草属(Ophiopogon Ker-Gawl.)植物,其干燥块根具有养阴生津、润肺清心之功效,用于治疗肺燥干咳、虚劳咳嗽、津伤口渴、心烦失眠、内热消渴和咽白喉等症状,收藏于中华人民共和国药典中[1],其正品是Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.)Ker-Gawl.。主产于浙江、四川、安徽、江西、湖南、河南等地,浙江、四川、广西等地均有栽培[2]。由于栽培环境与野生状态不同,其块根在形态上发生了部分变异,栽培品种较粗壮,野生品种较细小。随着麦冬栽培地区的扩大,流通品系增多,亟待对各品系进行质量评价研究。
  DNA条形码(DNA barcoding)于2003年首次被作为物种鉴定的依据[3,4],并引起全世界科学界的关注[5-9]。DNA条形码鉴定是利用基因组中一段标准的DNA片段,对物种进行快速、准确地识别和鉴定的有效手段,具有鉴定过程快、操作简单、重复性和稳定性高等优点[10,11]。一些学者认为线粒体基因以及核基因中的单拷贝基因和内含子不可以作为物种鉴定的依据,原因是线粒体基因的变异率较低以及变异结构较少[12-16],核基因中的单拷贝基因和内含子缺乏通用引物的扩增[16]。rDNA ITS(rDNA internal transcribed spacer)区是核糖体DNA上的内转录间隔区,包括5.8S rDNA、ITS1(18S和5.8S之间)和ITS2(5.8S和16S之间),其长度比较保守,核苷酸序列变化较大,可以提供丰富的系统学信息,能反映种间差别和物种进化程度,且不易受药材加工而完全降解等特点,被广泛用于属间、种间及居群间的分子系统学及分子鉴定研究[17-19]。一些研究结果表明叶绿体基因(psbA-trnH、matK、rbcL和rpoC1)也可作为物种鉴定的依据[12,16,20-22]。

相关热词搜索:麦冬 条形码 中药材 鉴定 传统

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