从龙牙楤木药材乙醇提取物中水解楤木皂苷工艺优选

　　摘要：目的 优选从龙牙楤木药材乙醇提取物中水解得皂苷元齐墩果酸的工艺。方法 采用Plackett-Burman设计联用CCD效应面法（方法1）与正交试验设计（方法2）对龙牙楤木药材中皂苷元齐墩果酸的水解工艺进行优选。方法1以皂苷元齐墩果酸质量分数为因变量，水解时间、盐酸浓度、料液比为自变量；方法2以皂苷元齐墩果酸质量分数为因变量，以水解时间、水解温度、盐酸浓度、料液比为自变量。采用Design expert 8.0.6 Trial软件进行分析。结果 根据试验结果并综合考虑实际生产情况，方法1确定的最佳工艺为加15～18倍量10%～12%盐酸回流水解45～70 min，方法2确定的最佳工艺为加15倍量10%盐酸回流水解60 min。结论 2种方法优选的最佳工艺所得齐墩果酸质量分数相差不大，但方法1直观方便、精密度和重复性高、可预测性好。
　　关键词：Plackett-Burman设计；CCD效应面法；正交设计；龙牙楤木；齐墩果酸；水解工艺
　　DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.01.013
　　中图分类号：R284.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5304（2018）01-0059-05
　　Technology Optimization of Hydrolyzing Aralia Saponins from Alcohol Extracts of Aralia elata
　　YAO Li-qin， TIAN Ming
　　Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica， Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine， Harbin 150040， China
　　Abstract： Objective To optimize process of hydrolyzed oleanolic acid from Aralia elata medicinal alcohol extract. Methods Plackett-Burman combined with CCD response surface design method （method 1） and orthogonal experimental design method （method 2） were used to optimize process of hydrolyzed oleanolic acid from Aralia elata medicinal alcohol extract. In method 1， the content of oleanolic acid was the dependent variable， and the hydrolysis time， the hydrochloric acid concentration， and the ratio of material to liquid were set as the independent variables； In method 2， the content of oleanolic acid was the dependent variable， and the hydrolysis time， hydrolysis temperature， the hydrochloric acid concentration， and the ratio of material to liquid were set as the independent variables. Design expert 8.0.6 Trial software was used to analyze the data. Results Considering the actual production situation， method 1 determined the optimum process was to add 15–18 times the amount of 10% to 12% hydrochloric acid， reflux hydrolysis 45–70 min； method 2 determined the optimum process was 15 times the amount of 10% hydrochloric acid， reflux hydrolysis 60 min. Conclusion By comparing method 1 and method 2， the optimum process was selected， and the difference of the content of oleanolic acid is not great. However， the former is more intuitive and convenient， with high precision repeatability， and predictability.
　　Keywords： Plackett-Burman design； central composite design response surface methodology； orthogonal design； Aralia elata； oleanolic acid； hydrolysis technology
　　龍牙楤木Aralia elata（Miq.）Seem.又称辽东楤木，是近年来国内外研究频繁的食药材[1-2]，药用部位主要是根皮、茎皮及叶，有效成分总皂苷可达7.0%以上[3-4]，研究表明，其主要含楤木皂苷A、B、C等140余种，其苷元多为齐墩果酸[5]，通过水解皂苷可

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