法律常用术语分类中英对照

　法律常用术语 【（一）、法令】

　 rule 条例

　 law 法律

　 criminal law 刑法

　 interpret 解释（法律）

　 the legislature 立法机构

　 the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system 法律体系 【(二)、主体】

　 the judge 法官

　 the lawyer 律师（总称）

　 the jury 陪审团

　the juror 陪审团成员

　 the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；

　 the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人

　the injured party/victim

　被害人

　 witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者

　 the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师

　 the accused/defendant 被告人

　the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师 【（三）、违法】

　【案件种类】

　 case 案件

　 crime - criminal adj.

　 a criminal case 刑事案件

　a civil case

　民事案件 【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】

　 guilt n. [Antonym] innocence guilty adj. [Antonym]innocent

　guilty of a crime/charge

　innocent of a crime/charge

　commit a crime violate a criminal law

　 murder 谋杀罪 first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪

　 manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪

　 forgery 伪造罪 sexual harassment 性骚扰 malfeasance 渎职罪

　 criminal: n. 罪犯 a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes

　 stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺 to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body stab someone to death 刺死

　flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀

　 mug v. =rob 抢劫 to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions 【（四）、程序】

　【逮捕】

　 arrest

　 pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car 【调查】

　 investigation

　 conduct a criminal investigation into

　 criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of law

　 cross-examination 【诉讼】

　 find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guilty

　to be charged with/to be accused of

　to accuse sb. of certain crime

　charge v. to charge sb. with certain crime be charged with (doing) sth e.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.

　 prosecute -prosecution n. to prosecute sb. for sth. face prosecution over

　to bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼 escape prosecution

　criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime

　 claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】

　 a criminal court

　刑事法庭,

　e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.

　a civil court 民事法庭

　children’s court 少年法庭

　 The Supreme Court 最高法院 【监督】

　 supervise 监督 【作证】

　 to testify v.作证 to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law testify for/against someone testimony 证词

　 proof

　definite proof provide the proof

　present the proof

　evidence 证据，证物 to identify 鉴别

　flimsy adj. not very reliable flimsy evidence accurate adj. correct or true in every detail unshakable adj. 不可动摇的 self-contradiction 自相矛盾

　alibi n. 不在场的证据 someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty 【庭审】

　 question v.

　 question/suspect sb’s motive

　【辩护】

　 to defend sb

　为…辩护

　 to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n. 【陪审团讨论】

　 the jury 陪审团

　a grand jury 大陪审团

　 the juror 陪审团成员

　 the jury room 陪审室

　 discuss - discussion 讨论

　 proposal 提议

　 vote 投票

　 abstain v. 弃权

　 vote for/in favor of/against

　 take a preliminary vote e.g. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary vote

　analyze 分析

　 assume v. 假定

　 ballot n. 无记名投票

　 to argue with 争论

　 agreement 一致意见

　 disagreement 反对意见

　 a reasonable doubt

　to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decision

　declare a hung jury

　 reach a unanimous decision

　be deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪

　 prove innocent/guilty 被证明无罪/有罪 【审判】

　 guilty/ not guilty(innocent)

　trial/ the jury trial 审判

　a fair trial

　 set free / acquitted 无罪释放

　 admit v. agree that something is true 承认

　 plead guilty to something : say that you are guilty e.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges. 【（五）、处罚--punishment】

　【场所】

　 reform school 感化院,

　 jail/ prison n.监狱 【方式】

　 jail v. to put someone in jail to be in jail

　jail someone for something

　go/ be sent to jail

　to serve a jail term

　be executed

　the executioner

　to pull the switch

　to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted 电刑 to sentence sb. to death give the sentence 施刑

　 get out of jail 【其他】

　 have the right to do 有权 ? on behalf of 代表

　draft 法案，草案 Government bill 政府议案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律 ratification, confirmation 批准 law enforcement 法律的实施

　to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 条款 minutes 备忘录 report 判例汇编 codification 法律汇编 legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法学家 jurisprudence 法学 legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制，合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法 outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 废止，取消 rescission, annulment 废除，取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废 annulment 撤消(遗嘱)

　repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消 immunity 豁免，豁免权 disability, legal incapacity 无资格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剥夺公权 attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收 constitutional law 宪法 canon law 教会法规 common law 习惯法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法 civil law 民法 commercial law, mercantile law 商法 law of nations 万国公法，国际法 international law 国际法 natural law 自然法 labour laws 劳工法 fiscal law 财政法 Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法 Military Law 军法 Conscript Law 兵役法

　Copyright Law 著作权法 penal code 刑法典 code of mercantile law 商法典 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利 right of asylum 避难权 human rights, rights of man 人权 (customs) duties 关税 death duty, death tax 遗产税 royalties 版税

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